Download Muslims and Their Empire

The Expansion of Islam and
Muslim Culture
Lesson 35
The Split
Part 1
When the Prophet Muhammad died, Muslims faced the
question of who was going to take over the leadership of the
Muslim nation.
From:http://islam.about.com/cs/divisions/f/shia_sunni.htm
Sunni Muslims felt
that the new leader
should be elected
from among those
capable of the job.
From:http://islam.a
bout.com/cs/divisi
ons/f/shia_sunni.h
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From:http://islam.about.com/cs/divisions/f/shia_sunni.htm
The word "Sunni" in
Arabic comes from a
word meaning "one who
follows the traditions of
the Prophet."
This is what was done,
and the Prophet
Muhammad's close
friend and advisor,
Abu Bakr, became the
first leader of the
Muslim Empire. of the
Islamic nation.
Abu Bakr was called the
Caliph. A Caliph is both a
supreme political and
religious leader in a Muslim
government.
Shi’a Muslims, split with the Sunni because they felt that
following the Prophet Muhammad's death the leadership
should have stayed within the Prophet's own bloodline
beginning with his cousin, Ali. He became the 4th caliph.
Ali
Throughout history, Shia Muslims have not recognized the
authority of elected Muslim leaders, choosing instead to follow
a line of Imams which they believe have been appointed by the
Prophet Muhammad or God Himself.
The word "Shia" in Arabic means a group or
supportive party of people. The commonly-known term
is shortened from the historical "Shia-t-Ali," or "the
Party of Ali."
The election of Abu Bakr would lead Islam to
its first schism. Two groups arguing this
matter would emerge. The Sunni and the Shia.
Explain the difference in beliefs
between the Shia and Sunni?
Islam’s first Dynasties
Part 2
• Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph,
fought a series of battles with the
governor of Syria, Muawiyah.
• They decided to split the Islamic
Empire.
• Ali was assassinated however, and
Muawiyah took over, beginning the
reign of the Umayyads.
The family known as the Umayyads took control of the Islamic
empire after four caliphs. They set up a hereditary system of
succession.
Umayyads also made another important change. The Muslim capital
was moved to Damascus, a distant city in the recently conquered
province of Syria. This location, away from Mecca, made controlling
conquered territories easier.
By 750 CE, the rest of North Africa, southern Spain, and
central Asia fell under Muslim rule.
In the year 750 C.E., The Umayyads were overthrown by the
Abassids. The Abassids ruthlessly murdered the remaining members
of the Umayyad family. Some of the Umayyads who escaped and
moved their empire to Spain, while the Abassids moved the capital
to Baghdad.
What happened to the Umayyad
Empire?
Muslim Culture
Part 3
• Muslims believe
Muhammad a prophet of
God (Allah).
• A prophet is a person
who believes that he or
she is spoken to by God.
• A prophet tells others
what God has said.
• Muhammad said that the name of God is Allah. He said that
people must obey Allah by being kind and fair to each other.
He also said that all Muslims must perform five
duties. These duties are called the Five Pillars of
Islam.
The first duty is to
make a statement
about one’s belief in
Islam. This statement
should be “There is no
God but Allah, and
Muhammad is his
prophet.”
The second duty is to
pray five times a day
while facing Mecca.
The third duty is to give
money to help the poor.
The fourth duty is to not eat or drink anything during
the daylight hours of one month. This month is the
Islamic month called Ramadan.
The fifth duty is to make at least one pilgrimage, or journey,
if you can afford to do so, called the hajj, to Mecca.
In your notes, draw the five
pillars of Islam?
The teachings of Muhammad
were written down by his
followers in a book called the
Koran (Qur’an). This was
originally written in Arabic.
• Muslims in all parts of
the world read and
study the Koran.
• The Koran tells a person
how to be a good Muslim.
The traditional law for
the Muslims is the
Sharia.
What is the Sharia?
The Muslim Empire also became a center of learning. The
Abassid dynasty started many schools in cities such as
Baghdad.
• Muslims learned much
about science, math, and
art from the people in the
conquered lands.
• Muslims also spread new
ideas across the empire.
• The Muslim scholar,
Al-Khwarizmi, used
Hindu numbers to
create a new type of
math called Algebra.
The word Algebra
derives from the
Arabic word
AlJabar.
•
• The word AlJabar
means "bringing
together separate
parts".
astrolabe
• They studied
the stars, the
sun, and the
moon.
• The Muslim
Empire became a
center of culture
during the Middle
Ages.
• Many Muslims
wrote poems and
stories.
• They made
beautiful works
of art.
• The Muslims built
great cities and
beautiful
buildings.
• Some of
these great
buildings
were
mosques.
• A mosque is
a place
where
Muslims
worship
Allah.
One of the most famous mosques is the Al-Aqsa Mosque, also
known as the Dome of the Rock in the city of Jerusalem.
In your notes, do your best to
draw a mosque?