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Unit XVIII - Islam Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved 1. The Mosque in Medina 2. The Muslim World of 1453 3. Beginnings A. founded by Muhammad in 622 B. born in 570 C. successful caravan merchant D. married Khadija E. troubled by idol worship/morality F. a visit by Gabriel – “Proclaim” G. the first convert H. 622 – The first hijra, Yathrib (Medina) I. the reconquering of Mecca 4. Video 5. Death and Division A. When did Muhammad die? B.. Who took over after his death? C. Who else wanted to take over? D. Who are Sunni Muslims? E. Who are Shi’ite Muslims? 6. Main Beliefs of Islam A. The 5 Pillars 1. Declaration of Faith – one God, Allah, Muhammad is his prophet 2. Daily prayer – facing Mecca, 5x 3. Charity to the poor 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Hajj to Mecca 1x during lifetime 7. Video 8. Other Beliefs A. Mosque – Muslim place of worship B. Quran – The sacred word of God, as revealed to Muhammad C. Sharia – Written laws of the faith D. People of the Book E. caliph F. the rights of women G. the spreading of the faith H. eternity in paradise I. the importance of Jerusalem 9. The Dome of the Rock 10 The Great Mosque - Mecca 11. The Early Dynasties of Islam A. The Umayyad s 1. 1st dynasty 2. ruled until 750, Arabs dominated 3. early successes gaining wealth and spreading Islam to NW. Africa. E. Persia, and Spain 4. overthrown by Abassids when conquests slowed B. The Abassids 1. led by Abu al-Abbas 2. lasted until 1258 3. ended Arab dominance 4. period of greatest wealth and power – “Golden Age” 5. Bagdad – capital 6. Persian traditions 7. overthrown by Seljuks 12. The Golden Age of Islam A. What were the advances in the following fields during the Golden Age (750-1350)? 1. international trade; 2. manufacturing; 3. agriculture; 13. Golden Age (cont.) 4. art;. 5. architecture; 6. literature; 7.mMathematics; 8. astronomy; 14. Golden Age (cont.) 9. medicine; Muhammad al Razi, tests for locations for hospitals, physicians, hospitals, emergency rooms, traveling physicians, holistic health, Avicenna, diagnosis and treatment of disease, prescription medication, cataract treatment 15. Mehmet II 16. Constantinople 17. The Ottoman and Safavid Empires A. Ottoman Empire 1. Turkish speaking from western/central Asia 2. strong central governments 3. largest in 1500’s1600’s 4.Suleiman the Magnificent 5. janissaries 6. the arts and literature 7. the 4 classes 8. the fall (1450-1800’s) B. The Safavid Empire (1500’s-1722) 1. location - Persia 2. Shah Abbas the Great – centralized govt., powerful educated military 3. strong economy 4. capital - Isfahan 5. the arts and literature 6. international trade 7. the fall 18. Islam in India A. When did Islam first spread into the Indus River Valley? Who spread it throughout India and when? B. Why did Islam conflict with Hinduism? C. What was the Mughal Dynasty and when did it rule? D. Who ws Akbar the Great? 19. The Taj Mahal 206. Important Terms and People A. Muhammad B. Khadija C. mosque D. Quran E. Sharia F. Sunni G. Shi’ite H. Abu Bakr I. Ali and Fatima J. Umayad Dynasty K. Abassid Dynasty L. Suleiman the Mag. M. Mehmet II N. Allah O. Ottoman Empire P. Safavid Empire Q. minaret R. Muhammad al Razi S. Avicenna (Ibn Sina)