* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Islam - TypePad
Imamate (Twelver doctrine) wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Islamism wikipedia , lookup
History of Nizari Ismailism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
Islamic democracy wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and secularism wikipedia , lookup
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Usul Fiqh in Ja'fari school wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
Succession to Muhammad wikipedia , lookup
Islamic missionary activity wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Indonesia wikipedia , lookup
History of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Somalia wikipedia , lookup
Islam and other religions wikipedia , lookup
Sources of sharia wikipedia , lookup
Islamic culture wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Bangladesh wikipedia , lookup
Political aspects of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Imamah (Shia) wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Afghanistan wikipedia , lookup
Husayn ibn Ali wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islamic schools and branches wikipedia , lookup
Islam Islam’s Emergence as a power and The Shi’ite Sunni Split 680 CE History of the Split • • Power struggle following Muhammad’s death The emergence of a caliph • Prominent Caliphs – Successor to the prophet – Head of the universal Islamic community – – – – Abu Bakr – worked to restore breakaway tribes Umar – worked to stop raiding of tribes from Byzantium and Sassanian Iran Uthman – murdered by mutinous arabs Ali – wanted to encourage = and chosen by many (believed to be preferred by M) – Becomes the caliph but it is challenged by Mu’awiya (EVENTUALLY MURDERED) – Rightly guided caliphs » Personally connected to Muhammad • These 4 are known at the rashidun • First 100 years – – – – Reached India(East), Spain (West), North Africa Most of the areas remain Muslim until 15th century Not a big emphasis on conversions because Islam was an Arab religion Mu’awiya – felt since Uthman was of his tribe, he was to be next Caliph • The meet in battle. ALI almost wins but M’s troops want to make a deal – Ali loses support for this action • Umayyad Caliphate – Differences between Mua and Ali – Fight and M’s troops put Koran's on spears. Ali accepts arbitration. (M wouldve lost and seen as a weak move) but not what Ali sees. Two negotiate (Ali rep – Abu Musa M – Amar. Decide that neither leaders hsould rep and annoucne byt The Split: The Role of Husayn • Mu’awiyah succeeded by his son • Ali’s son (Husayn)faced Yazid I in the Battle of Karbala – Convinced to engage in battle by partisans (aka shi’a) – Shi’a claim he agreed and was motovated by his desire to return Islam to a more pure form (non secular) • Martyrdom – Husayn was killed and became a martyr • This event was a symbol of the struggle for justice and oppression of the Muham’s fam Shi’ite • Belief in religious purity • Only descendents of Ali could be the imam or rightful caliph – Ali was Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law • The first 11 caliphs were assassinated • The 11th imam’s son disappeared and the hereditary line ended (Muhammad al-Madhi) • After this time, “twelver” Shi’ism began Leader was divine • They are looking forward to the appearance of the madhi or the “rightly guided one” • One of the largest holidays is the commemoration of Husayn’s death on which people publicly weep and flagellate themselves Shi’ite • Accounts for 16% of Islam • Location – mainly in Iran, Iraq and some in Pakistan and India • Religious purity – Wanted a caliph who represented Islam’s religious interest and not imperial expansion • ISLAM IS A RELIGION Sunni • Leader was pious but not a religious figure • Followers of the Prophet • 83% of Islam • look more to the letter of Koran • Imam is an elected or chosen official • ISLAM IS A WAY OF LIFE Sunni – Shi’ite Differences • Difference of Beliefs – Conflict • View of Allah – Sunni believe that Allah has a “spiritual body” (people are not capable of understanding his power) • Shi’ite see Allah as a spiritual presence • Shi’ite also see Ali and Fatima’s words as holy • Sunni see ONLY Mohammad's as holy (others are guidance but not holy) • Shi’ite – Look more to the interpretation of the Koran (the hidden meaning al-baten) while Sunni take only what is written Sufism • Islamic mysticism • Renounced worldly goods • Dedicate themselves to prayer and meditation in an effort to emulate the prophet • Many Muslims were against this but it led to mass conversions – Highly controversial in places like Afghanistan under Taliban where it was outlawed Islam The Shi’ite Sunni Split 680 CE History of the Split • Power struggle following Muhammad’s death • The emergence of a caliph • Prominent Caliphs • Abu Bakr • Umar • Uthman • Ali • First 100 years • Mu’awiya – Umayyad Caliphate The Split: The Role of Husayn • Mu’awiyah succeeded by his son • Ali’s son (Husayn) faced Yazid I in the Battle of Karbala • Martyrdom – Husayn was killed and became a martyr Shi’ite • Religious purity • Only descendents of Ali could be the imam or rightful caliph • The first 11 caliphs were assassinated • 11th imam’s son – After this time, “twelver” Shi’ism began Leader was divine • Al Madhi • Commemoration of Husyan’s Death Shi’ite • Accounts for 16% of Islam • Location • Religious purity • View of ISLAM Sunni • Leader was pious but not a religious figure • Followers of the Prophet • 83% of Islam • look more to the letter of Koran • Imam is an elected or chosen official • View of ISLAM Sunni – Shi’ite Differences • Difference of Beliefs – Conflict • • Shi’ite and Sunni views of Ali and Fatima’s words • Shi’ite and Sunni view of the Koran Sufism • Islamic mysticism • Renounced worldly goods • Dedicate themselves to prayer and meditation in an effort to emulate the prophet • Muslim acceptance or lack