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Understanding Islam A Catholic Perspective The Direction of Intention My God, give me the grace to perform this action with you and through love for you. In advance, I offer to you all the good that I will do and accept all the difficulty I may meet therein. St. Ann, Pray for us. St. Francis de Sales, Pray for us. Overview • Week One • Week Two • Who was • The Crusades Mohammed? • Differences between • Islam as a Christianity and Islam Religious / Political • What the Church Movement says about Islam • The Bible and the • Understanding Islam Quran from a Catholic • Islamic view of perspective Judaism and Christianity The Basics • CHRISTIANITY • Founder: Jesus Christ • First Century • Monotheistic • 3 billion members • 1 Billion R.C. • Internal Divisions • Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox • Mission: Evangelization • To build the Kingdom of God • Sacred Text: Bible • ISLAM • Founder: Mohammed • 6th Century • Monotheistic • 1.2 members • Internal Divisions • Sunni and Shia • Mission: The Shahdada – There is One True God • Sacred Text: Quran The Basics • Islam – Is a religion • Middle East is a geographic designation • Muslim is a follower of Islam • Not everyone in the Middle East is Arab or • Arab is an ethnic Muslim designation • All Muslims are part of • Other groups in the Middle East the Islamic faith but • Christians, Jews, Hindus, not all Arabs are and others Muslim The Basics The Middle East The Basics The Arab World The Basics The Islamic World Who was Mohammed In the Sunni tradition (most of the Middle East and North Africa) it is unlawful to reproduce a physical representation of the Prophet Mohammed or of Allah • 570 – 632 • Born in Mecca – Saudi Arabia • Was a merchant – traveler with his uncle • Experienced Judaism and Christianity • Recognized that Arabs lacked a monotheistic belief system • Acutely aware of the unjust distribution of wealth and the plight of the poor Who was Mohammed The Shia tradition (Iran and Kuwait) allow pictures of the Prophet Mohammed but never of Allah • In 610 he has a vision of the Angel Gabriel • Received first revelation about the One True God – Allah • Would continue over the next 23 years • Was encouraged by his wife and family to speak openly about these revelations • Begins writing Quran over the course of revelations Who was Mohammed A depiction of Muhammad advancing on Mecca • Began preaching “Islam” – Submission to the will of God • Persecuted in Mecca and moved to Medina • Begins attracting followers • Second sons of tribal leaders and merchants … • Nomads • Mohammed and early followers face persecution from Arab leaders • A Political / Religious Movement ensued after 623 – followers subjugated much of the Arabian Peninsula UNITY UNDER THE 5 Pillars of Islam The Hajj takes place in Mecca. Pilgrims converge on the Kaaba (small building in center) believed to have been build by Abraham and Ishmael. All Muslims pray in the direction of Mecca and the Kaaba • Shahadah: CREED: Acceptance of Monotheism and Muhammad • Salat: PRAYER: Consists of five daily prayers according to the Quran • Zakat: ALMSGIVING: practice of charitable giving based on accumulated wealth, 2.5% of one's wealth for the benefit of the poor or needy, including slaves, debtors and travelers. • Sawm of Ramadan: FASTING • Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca The Kaaba as a holy site predates the rise of Islam. Its existence was mentioned in the ancient Greek world. It was formerly the site of a pagan shrine and believed to be the center of the earth and a gate way to the after-life. At the time of Mohammed it was a pagan shrine and Mecca a city of pilgrimage. The Quran A Revelation of God • Considered by Muslims as the Word of God • The Quran (the word means “recitation”) was revealed to Mohammad verse by verse over the space of 23 years. • It contains 114 chapters, or suras, which cover a range of topics from reverence for Allah to practical ways of living. How the Quran Differs from the Bible • Bible is a collection of books. • Compiled over a period of 13 centuries. OT - 90 AD NT - 120? • Arranged chronologically. • Many different authors. • Bible does not as a whole, mention itself. • The Bible does not claim to be literal revelation. • Based extensively on Oral Traditions • Read in translation. Different languages • The Qur’an is one book. • Was compiled over a period of 23 years. • 632 • Not arranged chronologically. • One author. • The Qur’an, as a whole, is mentioned often in the Qur’an. • The Qur’an claims to be literal revelation. • No Oral Tradition • Read in its original language. The People of the Book • The Qur'an teaches that Islam is the continued faithful religion in the same line as the Prophets who were before Muhammad • The Word of God was enjoined on Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus (42:13 AYA). • "We (Muslims) believe in the Revelation which has come down to us and in that which came down to you (Jews & Christians); our Allah and your Allah is One" (29:46 AYA). Islam as a Religious / Political Movement • Islam did not develop in a vacuum • The collapse of the Roman Empire in North Africa • Empire split in two – 386 AD • The Christianization of the Byzantine Empire and The West • Christianity adopted as official state Religion • Religion and nationality one in the same • The emergence of weak City-States and kingdoms in the West The Mediterranean World in 632 • Mohammed dies in 632 • Arabian Peninsula unified ? • civil wars break out • Powerful Byzantine Empire to the North • Weak city-states across North Africa • Mixture of Christian and pagan cultures • Weak Iberian Peninsula • Christianity primarily an urban religion • Islam primarily a rural religion – carried along trade routes