Download Plate Tectonics Journey to the center of the Earth

Name:
Period:
# _________
Plate Tectonics
Journey to the center of the Earth
Use pages 124 – 129 to answer the following questions.
Exploring Inside Earth (p. 125-126)
1. What are the two main types of evidence that Geologist use to learn about the
Earth’s interior?
a. Indirect:
b. Direct:
2. Why can’t scientists directly explore Earth’s interior?
3. What do geologists use to indirectly study Earth’s interior?
4. Seismic waves are produced by ____________________________.
A Journey to the Center of the Earth (p. 127)
5. Earth is divided into _____ main layers. They are the ______________,
_______________ and _________________.
6. Describe how the temperature changes as you go from the surface towards the
center of the Earth.
7. What is pressure?
8. The deeper you go, the _________________ the pressure.
9. Pressure increases much as it does in a __________________ pool.
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Period:
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The Crust (p. 128)
10. The _____________________ is the layer of rock that forms Earth’s skin.
11. The crust is _________________ under mountains and ________________
beneath the oceans.
12. Dark-colored rock that makes up most of the oceanic crust is _______________.
13. Light-colored rock that makes up most of the continental crust is
_____________.
The Mantel (p. 129)
14. Match the name of each layer of the mantel with its description.
Layer
______ Lower Mantel
______ Lithosphere
______ Asthenosphere
Description
a. rigid layer that includes
the upper part of the
mantle and the crust
b. Solid material beneath the
asthenosphere
c. Soft layer just below the
lithosphere
15. In Greek, lithos means ______________ and asthenes means
________________.
16. Even though the asthenosphere is the softest layer of the mantel, it is still solid
and will bend much like __________________.
The Core (p. 130)
17. Despite enormous pressure, the outer core is __________________.
18. Why can the inner core not become liquid?
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Name:
Period:
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19. Label the layers of the Earth by writing the name of the layer in the blank.
Use pages 132 – 135 to answer the following questions
Types of Heat Transfer (p.133-134)
20. Complete the following chart on the types of heat transfer.
Type of Heat
Transfer
Description
Example
Sunlight
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Heat transfer by the movement of
currents within a fluid
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Name:
Period:
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Convection Current (p. 134-135)
21. Heat always moves from a _______________ object to a _____________
substance.
22. When a liquid or gas is heated, the particles move __________ and spread apart.
Therefore, the particles occupy more space.
23. What three factors set convection current in motion?
a. ____________ and ____________ of the fluid
b. Changes in the fluid’s ______________
c. Force of _____________
24. Heat from where causes convention currents in the mantle?
25. Complete the following cycle to show the relationship among heat, movement and
density in the mantle rock.
Word Bank for diagram:
a. Cools
b. Decreases
c. Less
d. Sinks
e. Slower
26. Why is this relationship shown in a cycle?
Page 4 of 8
Name:
Period:
# _________
Drifting Continents
Use pages 136 – 140 to answer the following questions.
27. What was Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis about the continents?
28. What is a hypothesis?
29. What are continents?
30. Wegener named his supercontinent _________________.
31. Complete the following graphic organizer about the evidence that supports the
theory of continental drift.
Continental Drift
Evidence
Hypothesis
#1. Shape of
continents – They fit
together like a puzzle
E
Earth’s
continents
have moved.
#2.
#3. _________________
change
32. Does Earth look the same today as it did 250 million years ago? Why or why not?
Page 5 of 8
Name:
Period:
# _________
Sea-Floor Spreading
Use pages 141 – 147 and the picture below to answer the following questions.
33. Name and describe the feature of the ocean floor shown at A.
34. Describe the process shown occurring at B, and explain what results from this.
35. What happens to old oceanic crust as new molten material arises from the mantle?
36. The arrows on the figure show the ocean floor spreading from the ridge. What are
three kinds of evidence scientists have found to support this idea?
37. What process is shown occurring at C, and why does it occur?
38. What devise is used to map the ocean floor?
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Name:
Period:
# _________
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Use pages 150 – 154 to answer the following questions.
39. The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called _______________.
40. What does the theory of plate tectonics state?
41. The theory of plate tectonics EXPLAINS:
a. _________________
b. Movement
c. _________________ of Earth’s plates
42. What are some examples of changes that occur because of the movement of
Earth’s plates?
43. Plate movements are driven by ______________ ______________ in the mantle.
Plate Boundaries (p. 152 – 153)
44. _________________: Breaks in the Earth’s crust where rocks have slipped past
each other.
45. A different type of movement occurs along each type of ______________.
46. When two plates collide, what determines which plate will come out on top?
47. What caused the continents to move from one supercontinent to their present
position?
Page 7 of 8
Name:
Period:
# _________
48. Complete the chart on the different types of plate boundaries.
Type of
Boundary
Divergent
Description
Creates
Two plates move
apart, or diverge,
from each other.
Destroyed or
neither
Convergent
Transform
Crust Created
or Destroyed
Earthquakes
49. Label each figure by writing the type of plate boundary it shows.
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