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what is a volcano? • Volcano is a cone – shaped mountain explodes and lava comes out. • The solid ground that we walk on is part of the earth’s crust and below this crust lies a hot layer knows as magma. • When magma explodes through an opening in the earth’s crust and a volcano erupts. How are volcanos formed? • Volcanoes are formed when a hot magma pushes to go to the earth’s crust. • Earth’s crust is separated into different pieces known as tectonic plates. • These plates fit right together like a giant jigsaw puzzle. Eruptions! Why do they erupt? • As magma rises, gases expand and the water becomes steam. • This creates a huge pressure and when the pressure becomes too great, a volcano erupts with a boom. • Eruptions can be formed from gentle oozing and then to violent explosions. After the eruption. • The volcano ashes are deadly it is hard and abrasive, like finely crushed glass. • Gases spewed out from volcanic eruptions such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide, are more deadly. • Devastating mudflows, known as lahars, are caused by ashes, soil and rock combining on volcanic slopes. Types of volcano! • There are three main types of volcanoes and it is composite, shield and cinder cones. • Composite volcanoes are formed by layers of lava and rock fragment. • Cinder cone volcanoes erupt but don’t produce much lava. • Shield volcanoes erupt every few years, they create lava flows and fire fountains. Types of erupting. • Volcanoes can erupt in different ways. • This also affects the surrounding landscape and its people. • Pompeii was buried by the eruption and killed more than 2,000 people. • Pompeii was buried for over 1500 years. Mt. St Helen • In 1980 on the 18th of May, Mt St Helen in Washington state, USA, erupted. • The explosive eruption lasted for nine hours and resulted in the death of 57 people. • The number of trees blown down by the lateral blast of the eruption could have built 300,000 homes. Volcanic landscapes • Areas around volcanoes are called geothermal regions. • Geyser are hot spring erupting from vents in the ground. • The word ‘geyser’ comes from Icelandic region and means to ‘rush forth’ or ‘to gush’. Living with volcanoes! • All around the world people and volcanoes exist side by side. • Through volcanoes pose a threat, living near volcanoes also provides advantages. • In 1992 an eruption of Mt. Etna threatened to bury the village of lava. Working with volcanoes. • Volcanologists are scientists who study volcanoes. • They try to find out how volcanoes form and predict when they might erupt. • Scientists cannot prevent volcanoes from erupting. • Seismographs measure tremors in the Earth, which help scientist predict when a volcanoes might erupt. Bibliography • My bibliography was a book about volcanoes from school. • My other bibliography was Google, Wikipedia, Bing and encyclopedia. • I also got some information of a book called volcanoes but talks about Mt St Helens.