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Transcript
Warm-up November 8 Describe what would happen if you tried to dig a hole to China with a shovel. You would be able to dig a hole about 20 feet deep. After that, you would not be able to remove the dirt from the hole because it would be too heavy to lift. MYP Unit Question: How does land change? Area of Interaction: Environment Learner Profile: Caring and Principled Standard: Investigate the scientific view of how the Earth ’s surface is formed Compare and Contrast the layers of the earth including composition, relative temperature, and density. . Bell Ringer: Challenges that prevent scientists from exploring the center of the Earth. Work Session: Earth’s Layers Notes Closing: Earth’s layers Song ** Did you turn in the tiered reading assignment from yesterday? ** What challenges stand in the way of scientists exploring the center of the Earth? Deepest Mine Carletonville, South Africa 2 1/3 mile (3.8km) Deepest Geological Dig Zapolyarnyy, Russia 9 miles (15km) Deepest Ocean Dive Bathscaphe in Marianas Trench 6 miles (10km) Deepest Ocean Trench Marianas Trench, Pacific Ocean 7 miles (11km) What challenges stand in the way of scientists exploring the center of the Earth? • No equipment equipped to withstand the heat, pressure, and depth of the interior of the Earth. • No human can withstand the heat, pressure, or depth of the interior of the Earth. Temperature • At first, the Earth gets a little cooler as you go deeper. • But at 20 meters depth, the temperature starts rising. • For every 40 meters you descend, the temperature rises about 1° Celsius. After a few kilometers this rate slows a bit, but it gets hotter the deeper you travel inside the Earth. Pressure • Is the force pushing on a certain area. • The deeper you go, the more rocks are above you. The more rocks there are, the more they weigh. • So the deeper you go, the greater the pressure pushing on you. Unit 1: Structure of the Earth Standard: Compare and Contrast the layers of the earth including composition, relative temperature, and density. The Earth has 3 main layers: 1. Crust (Oceanic and Continental) Lithosphere 2. Mantle 3. Core (Asthenosphere) (Outer Core & Inner Core) If it’s in YELLOW write it down. The Crust • SOLID layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin, including the solid earth and oceans. • CONTINENTAL CRUST – composed of granitic rocks, which are less dense than basaltic rocks of the oceanic crust. So, most of continental crust is above sea level. • OCEANIC CRUST composed of basaltic rocks, which are more dense than granitic rocks of the continental crust. So, oceanic crust is below sea level. The Crust (CONTINUED) • Composition: mostly oxygen, silicon, aluminum, (Granite and Basalt) • Relative Temperature: Varies from air temperature to 870 Co • Thickness: (5-100 km) 100km The Crust (CONTINUED) You DON’T need to draw the graph. 40% iron oxygen 30% 20% 10% 0% silicon magnesium the other Lithosphere • Upper part of the mantle and the crust. • Floats on top of the soft rock below it. • Averages 100 km thick • Litho means “stone” in Greek. • The crust and upper part of the mantle are very similar, so they are combined in this layer. The Mantle • SOLID layer of hot rock between the crust and core. Mantle (continued) Composition: Mostly iron and magnesium Relative Temperature: 870oC – 3,700oC Thickness: (100km – 3,000km) 2,900km (contains most of earth’s mass) Convection currents - hot material in the mantle rises, cools and then sinks. Crust Mantle Lithosphere Asthenosphere Asthenosphere • Upper part of the Mantle. • Molten (melted) rock layer. • About 175 km thick. The Core Center of the Earth; under extreme pressure The Outer Core Composition: LIQUID iron and nickel Relative Temperature: 3,700oC – 4,300oC Thickness: (3,000km – 5,200km) 2,200km The Inner Core Composition: SOLID iron and nickel Relative Temperature: 4,300oC – 7,200oC Thickness: (5,200km – 6,428km) 1,228km The inner core is very hot, pressure from the weight of the rest of the Earth doesn’t allow the material to melt. Iron’s normal temperature of melting is 15350C, but in the earth inner core it could stand 40000C with no melting. Closing: Layers Earth Song