Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Geomorphology wikipedia , lookup
Schiehallion experiment wikipedia , lookup
Geochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Large igneous province wikipedia , lookup
Spherical Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geomagnetism wikipedia , lookup
History of geodesy wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
Future of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Earth’s Interior EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Vocabulary • Geologists – scientists who study the forces that make and shape the planet Earth. – Study the chemical and physical characteristics of rock. – Map where different types of rocks are found on and beneath the surface – Describe landforms • Geology – study of planet Earth EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Surface Changes • Constructive Forces – shape the Earth’s surface by building up mountains and landmasses • Destructive forces – slowly wear away mountains and every other feature on the surface • Continents – 7 great landmasses surrounded by water EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Indirect Evidence • Geologist use indirect evidence to study Earth’s interior – Seismic Waves • Waves produced by earthquakes • Record the waves and study how they travel • Speed of waves and the paths they take reveal that our planet is made up of several layers EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Center of the Earth • Temperature – Outer layers cool – At 20 meters rocks get warmer – Every 40 meters after that the temperature rises 1 degree Celsius EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Center of the Earth • Pressure – The force pushing on a surface or area – Because of the weight of the rock above, the pressure inside Earth increases as you go deeper EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Earth’s Layers • Three main layers make up the Earth’s interior – The crust – The mantle – The core EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? The Crust • Layer of rock that forms the Earth’s outer skin • Mountains, water, soil and rocks found on crust • Thin layer, like an onion skin for the Earth • Includes both dry land and the ocean floor • Thinnest on the ocean floor, thickest under mountains EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? The Crust • Oceanic Crust – Beneath the ocean – Consists mostly of dense rocks like basalt • Dark, fine rock with fine texture • Continental Crust – Forms the continents – Consists of less dense rocks like granite • Large crystals, not as dense as basalt, light color The Crust The Mantle • A layer of hot rock • Mantle is 3000 kilometers thick and extends to the core • Between 5 and 40 kilometers beneath the surface, there is a boundary of basalt and granite • Below the boundary is the solid material of the mantle EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? The Mantle Made of two layers Lithosphere • uppermost part of the mantle and the crust combined • About 100 kilometers thick • Material in this part of the mantle is somewhat soft – it can bend like plastic Asthenosphere • Soft material with the ability to flow • Lithosphere floats on top of the asthenoshpere EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? The Core • Consists of two parts – Outer core - liquid – Inner core – solid • Made of iron and nickel EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? The Core • Outer core – Layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core – Behaves like a thick liquid • Inner Core – Dense ball of solid metal – Extreme pressure squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so much they cannot spread out and become liquid EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Earth’s Magnetic Field • Currents in the liquid outer core force the solid inner core to spin • Inner core spins slightly faster than the rest of the planet creating our magnetic field. This causes our planet to act like a giant bar magnet EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Class Work and Homework Fill In What did I learn Confused Say EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? Packet or begin foldable depending on time