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Tectonic Plates…Keep on Moving QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of Plate Tectonics has shaped the Earth. As Tectonic Plates slowly move over, under and past each other, they build mountains, form new sea floor, create earthquakes and volcanoes. Earthquakes…Earth’s Way of Releasing Stress QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • An earthquake is a sudden movement of the Earth’s crust caused by the abrupt release of stress…which has built up over a long time. Earthquake Faults QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • When enough stress builds in the Earth’s crust, the rock breaks, creating a fault. • A fault is a break in Earth’s crust where slabs of crust slip past each other Where Faults Happen • Faults often occur at plate boundaries - but not always. They can appear in the center of a plate! • Each type of fault is often associated with a specific type of plate boundary. • It is possible for more than one type of fault to happen on one plate boundary. Three Main Types of Faults • 1. Strike-Slip Fault - associated with Transform Boundaries. • 2. Normal Fault - associated with Divergent Boundaries. • 3. Reverse Fault - associated with Convergent Boundaries. Strike-Slip Fault QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Vertical fault, blocks slide past one another horizontally. • Happens in areas where the crustal blocks are sliding past one another. • Created by shearing stress. • Example: San Andreas Fault Normal Fault QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • The fault is at an angle, and the block above the fault, the hanging wall moves down relative to the block below the fault (the foot wall). • Occurs in areas where there is pulling of the crustal blocks. • Caused by tension stress. Reverse or Thrust Fault QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • The fault is at an angle, and the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall. • Same structure as normal fault, but the blocks move in opposite direction. • Happens in areas where the crustal blocks are being pushed together. • Caused by compression stress.