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The World of Volcanoes Mrs. Lozano What is a volcano? • A mountain formed by lava and ash What is Lava? • Lava is magma that reaches Earth’s surface • Okay...I know what lava is, but what exactly is Magma? • Magma is hot, soft rock from Earth’s mantle. What is ash? • Ash is small pieces of hardened lava • Savage Earth Animation How do volcanoes form? • Continental plates and oceanic plates collide • Subduction occurs • Melted rock becomes magma that forces its way up between the plates • Savage Earth Animation #2 How do volcanoes form? Continental Drift • Continental Drift Animation Where are these “Subduction Zones?” • Many volcanoes are located at plate boundaries around the Pacific plate. • The Pacific plate is often called the “Ring of Fire” Do all volcanoes look the same? • No, there are many different kinds of volcanoes such as: • Shield Volcanoes that can be found in Hawaii • Cinder Cone Volcanoes can be found in Costa Rica • Composite Volcanoes like Mt. Saint Helen • And Fissure Volcanoes found in Nicaragua . Do subduction zones create all volcanoes? • No, volcanoes can also be formed by Hot Spots. • Hot Spots are volcanic areas on the surface of the Earth that are created by a rising plume of magma. • http://www.classzone.com/books/ear th_science/terc/content/investigation s/es0810/es0810page03.cfm Volcanic Hazards • Volcanoes can create landslides that bury land, homes and sometimes people. Volcanic Hazards • Volcanoes can create Earthquakes that may produce hazards which include ground cracks, ground deformation, and damage to manmade structures. Volcanic Hazards • Pyroclastic Surge that spews extremely hot ash that races down the mountain and swallows everything in its path. Volcanic Hazards • Lava flows are the most famous yet the least dangerous of hazards. Volcanic Hazards • There are two kinds of lava flows: – Pahoehoe – `A`A I love Volcanoes!!!!!! • Although volcanoes are beautiful and wondrous things, they can be harmful and cause many disasters. It is better to love volcanoes from a far off distance.