* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Gram positive - Cloudfront.net
Survey
Document related concepts
Neisseria meningitidis wikipedia , lookup
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth wikipedia , lookup
Cyanobacteria wikipedia , lookup
Phage therapy wikipedia , lookup
Quorum sensing wikipedia , lookup
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin wikipedia , lookup
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae wikipedia , lookup
Unique properties of hyperthermophilic archaea wikipedia , lookup
Bacteriophage wikipedia , lookup
Anaerobic infection wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
• Prokaryote: no nucleus – Chromosome & plasmids float freely in cytoplasm • Ribosomes: create proteins • Flagella: used in movement pili • Pili: act as anchors plasma membrance • Capsule: outer coating chromosome • Endospore: “cocoon” to protect DNA in harsh timescell wall plasmid This diagram shows the typical structure of a prokaryote. Archaea and bacteria look very similar, although they have important molecular differences. flagellum Prokaryotes are widespread on Earth. • Prokaryotes can be grouped by their need for oxygen. – obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen – obligate aerobes need oxygen – facultative aerobes can live with or without oxygen The bacteria that causes TB lives in your lungs…which type is it? Bacteria and archaea are structurally similar but have different molecular characteristics. • Bacteria commonly come in three forms. – rod-shaped, called bacilli – spiral, called spirilla or spirochetes – spherical, called cocci Lactobacilli: rod-shaped Enterococci: spherical Spirochaeta:spiral • Archaea have many shapes. Spirochaeta: spiral Enterococci: spherical Bacteria (aka Eubacteria) • Common to most environments on Earth • Identified by Gram Stain test – Gram negative: stains pink (harder to treat because of thick capsule) – Gram positive: stains purple (easier to treat) • Treatments differ depending GRAM NEGATIVE upon results GRAM POSITIVE Gram Stains Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and stain red. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and stain purple. • Which is harder to treat? • Name one way to treat bacterial infections. Bacteria have various strategies for survival. • Reproduce asexuallythrough binary fission (less diversity). • Prokaryotes exchange genes during conjugation (more diversity). • Bacteria may survive by forming endospores. conjugation bridge TEM; magnification 6000x Not all bacteria are harmful, most are helpful… • Bacteria helped create the ozone. – Ex: cyanobacteria-autotrophic bacteria – Create oxygen for life on earth • Bacteria return nutrients to the soil in nature – Ex: saprophytes • Bacteria used in medicine • Bacteria used in food – To make cheese, bread, wine, yogurt, soy sauce HEALTHY MODERATE PERIODONTITIS GINGIVITIS ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS • Live in extreme environments • 1) Methanogens: – Anaerobic – Produce methane gas as a waste product – Habitat: Swamps, sewage, digestive tract 2) Thermophiles • Heat and acid loving prokaryotes • Habitat: Deep sea vents, volcanoes, hot springs (230°F) 3) Halophiles – Thrive in areas of high salt concentration • Salt normally dehydrates organisms – Use salt to make energy Name this bacteria shape! Name this bacteria shape! Name these cell parts! Name the process shown in this animation.