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Energy = mass x speed of light² How Plant and Animal Cells Get Their Energy Why do cells need energy? • The feeling of hunger is the way your cells tell you that they need energy • Cells need energy for: – Life – Growing – Dividing/Reproducing Plants and Energy • You’ve learned that plants don’t have to eat like animals do • They capture energy from the sun – And then change it into food (photosynthesis) • Plants, algae, and even some bacteria photosynthesize Photosynthesis • Chlorophyll, found in the chloroplasts, traps sunlight • The sun’s energy is combined with Carbon Dioxide (CO2)—what we breathe out—and Water (H20) from rain to make Glucose Photosynthesis Products • Sunlight + carbon dioxide + water = glucose and oxygen • Glucose is then sent to the mitochondria (just like in animals) to be used for energy in the cell • Oxygen is released, so we can breathe (without plants, we don’t breathe!) Animals and Energy • Animal cells need oxygen to break down the food we eat – Cellular Respiration – Fermentation • We use oxygen (breathing) and glucose (eating) and produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) Cellular Respiration • The process of breaking down food (like glucose) into carbon dioxide and water to create energy – Both animals and plants do this • Takes place in mitochondria Fermentation • Breaking down food without using oxygen – Releases less energy than if oxygen were used • This process creates the burning sensation in your muscles when you exercise Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Work as a Cycle • Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen • Cellular Respiration uses glucose and oxygen to make energy – And produces water and carbon dioxide, which plants use for photosynthesis!