Download Carbohydrates

Lesson 7b: Carbohydrates
Ose – sugar
Fruct – fruit
Mal - bad
Mono – one
Di – two
Herb – plant
Carn – flesh
Vor - eat
Carbs 17:33: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3092FF69-912E-493B97DA-66FEDDCF9DC6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
CH2OH
H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
Carbohydrates:
Energy molecules
Regents Biology
2006-2007
H
OH
Carbohydrates
 Building block molecules = sugars
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar
Carbohydrates
 Function:

quick energy

energy storage

structure
glucose
C6H12O6
 cell wall in plants
sucrose
 Examples

sugars

starches

cellulose (cell wall)
starch
Sugars = building blocks
 Names for sugars usually end in -ose
glucose
 fructose
 sucrose
 maltose
CH2OH

H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
H
OH
glucose
C6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
Building carbohydrates
 Synthesis
monosaccharides
|
Glucose
1 sugar
|
Fructose
1 sugar
disaccharide
|
Sucrose
2 sugars linked
(table sugar)
BIG carbohydrates
 Polysaccharides

starch
 energy storage in plants
 potatoes

glycogen
 energy storage in animals
 in liver & muscles

cellulose
 structure in plants
 cell walls

chitin
 structure in arthropods & fungi
 exoskeleton
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starch
easy to
digest
cellulose
hard to
digest
enzyme
enzyme
Cellulose
 Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well
 most carnivores cannot digest cellulose

 that’s why they
eat meat
to get their energy
& nutrients
 cellulose = roughage
 stays undigested
 keeps material
moving in your
intestines
Cow
can digest cellulose well;
no need to eat other sugars
Gorilla
can’t digest cellulose well;
must add another sugar
source, like fruit to diet
Helpful bacteria
 How can cows digest cellulose so well?

BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest
cellulose-rich (grass) meals