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Lesson 7b: Carbohydrates Ose – sugar Fruct – fruit Mal - bad Mono – one Di – two Herb – plant Carn – flesh Vor - eat Carbs 17:33: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3092FF69-912E-493B97DA-66FEDDCF9DC6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US CH2OH H O H OH H H OH HO Carbohydrates: Energy molecules Regents Biology 2006-2007 H OH Carbohydrates Building block molecules = sugars sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Carbohydrates Function: quick energy energy storage structure glucose C6H12O6 cell wall in plants sucrose Examples sugars starches cellulose (cell wall) starch Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in -ose glucose fructose sucrose maltose CH2OH H O H OH H H OH HO H OH glucose C6H12O6 sucrose fructose maltose Building carbohydrates Synthesis monosaccharides | Glucose 1 sugar | Fructose 1 sugar disaccharide | Sucrose 2 sugars linked (table sugar) BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides starch energy storage in plants potatoes glycogen energy storage in animals in liver & muscles cellulose structure in plants cell walls chitin structure in arthropods & fungi exoskeleton Digesting starch vs. cellulose starch easy to digest cellulose hard to digest enzyme enzyme Cellulose Cell walls in plants herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material moving in your intestines Cow can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well? BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals