Download Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
• Organic compounds must have carbon and
hydrogen. Some examples of organic
compounds includes carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids.
Inorganic Compounds
• Inorganic compounds have either one or none
of carbon and hydrogen. Water is inorganic as
it only has hydrogen and carbon dioxide is also
inorganic.
H2O CO2
Examples
• Identify if the compound is inorganic or
organic.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Octane C8 H18
Starch (C6 H10 O5 )
Steel Fe
Butane C4 H10
Baking Soda NaHCO3
Olive Oil C18 H34 O2
Carbohydrates
H
HO
CH2OH
O
H
OH
H
H
Carbohydrates:
Energy molecules
Made up of Carbon,
Hydrogen, & Oxygen.
OH
H
OH
Carbohydrates
• Building block molecules =
monosaccharides
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
Carbohydrates
• Function:
– quick energy (short
term)
– energy storage
– structure
• cell wall in plants
glucose
C6H12O6
sucrose
• Examples
– sugars
– starches
– cellulose (cell wall)
starch
Sugars = building blocks
• Names for sugars usually end in -ose
– glucose
– fructose
– sucrose
– maltose
H
HO
CH2OH
O
H
OH
H
H
H
OH
OH
glucose
C6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
Building carbohydrates
• Synthesis
1 sugar =
monosaccharide
|
glucose
|
glucose
mono = one
saccharide = sugar
di = two
2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
maltose
Building carbohydrates
• Synthesis
1 sugar =
monosaccharide
|
glucose
|
fructose
How sweet
it is!
2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
sucrose
(table sugar)
BIG carbohydrates
• Polysaccharides
– large carbohydrates
• starch
– energy storage in plants
» potatoes
• glycogen
poly = many
– energy storage in animals
» in liver & muscles
• cellulose
– structure in plants
» cell walls
Building BIG carbohydrates
glucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch
(plant)
energy
storage
glycogen
(animal)
polysaccharide
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starch
easy to
digest
cellulose
hard to
digest
Cellulose
• Cell walls in plants
– herbivores can digest cellulose well
– most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
• that’s why they
eat meat
to get their energy
& nutrients
• cellulose = roughage
– stays undigested
– keeps material
moving in your
intestines
Different Diets of Herbivores
Cow
can digest cellulose well;
no need to eat other sugars
Gorilla
can’t digest cellulose well; must
add another sugar source, like
fruit to diet
Helpful bacteria
• How can cows digest cellulose so well?
– BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest
cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…
Chewing
cud?