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Brainstorm!
Things that are too small to see:
Engineering to Reduce the
Germs!
How Small Am I?
Order the cards from largest to smallest
Wavelength of red light
Wavelength of UV light
MRSA
Introduction to Bacteria
Slide 5: United Streaming video clip Life Science: Bacteria “Infectious
Diseases Caused by Bacteria”
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=BD07D5B2DAA1-476E-B59D-E6A4F5A98631&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
Highlights of Bacteria:
► Smallest
of free living organisms
 You can squeeze a million of them on the head
of a pin!
► Live
in our skin, intestines, nose & throat
► Control every major function in our world




Cycle nutrients
Produce antibiotics
Keep us healthy
Make us sick
Virginia Headlines!
“A county in southern
Virginia closed its 21
schools on Wednesday
to clean them to prevent
the spread of a dangerous
bacterial infection that
killed a 17-year-old high
school student, officials
said.” (Reulters)
MRSA!
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Introducing The Super Bug
MRSA!
►
►
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Commonly found on the skin
or in the nose of healthy
people.
Over the years bacteria have
become resistant to various
antibiotics.
MRSA can be transmitted
from person to person through
close contact.
 Skin-to-skin contact when there
is a scratch or opening in the skin
 Sharing contaminated personal
items
 Poor personal hygiene
 Direct contact with contaminated
environmental surfaces
 Living in crowded settings
Are You
Infected?
What You Can’t See
CAN Hurt You!
Like MRSA!
That brings
us to
The science of
VERY small things . . .
NANOSCIENCE!
Engineers Look at
Surface Properties
►Is
it smooth or rough?
►Is
it
sticky or non-sticky?
What about the
properties of surfaces
make them harbor
bacteria?
EXPERIMENT!
Compare surfaces!
Reach out and touch!
Wood
Glass
Plastic
Which one is easier
to clean?
Wood
Plastic
Glass
Did you notice that the surfaces
have a different properties?
Which one is the roughest?
Take a Look at
Why it is the Roughest. . .
Wood Under a Microscope!
10x magnification
60x magnification
Wooden Toothpick
200x magnification
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/intelplay/gallery/reflectedbrightfield.html
To Stick or Not to Stick?
►Materials
needed:
 4 grades of sandpaper
 Bee Bees
 Cornstarch
 Salt
 Water
Look familiar?
MRSA
Check Out Your Own Hair
► That’s
pretty
small, right?
► This
is a
nanowire
wrapped around
a strand of
human hair.
Engineering
Challenge!
►What
surface in your school
is most prone to harbor
bacteria?
►Design
a toilet that is less
likely to accumulate and
shelter bacteria.
►You
Get to Work!
have 3 minutes to work in a
small group to design the new
toilet seat
►Keep
in mind what we have
discussed about surface properties
►Don’t
worry about the cost of
materials
►Then
we will share our designs
Sani-Seat http://www.cleanseats.com/toilet_seats/view/video.html
What do we need to know about
surfaces on the nano level?
► That
bacteria can be spread through touch
► Different
surfaces can be smooth or rough;
the rougher surfaces are the more bacteria
they will hold
► When
we design a product we need to
reduce the spread of germs.
► How
can be do that? By using an ultrasmooth surface or by not touching the
surface at all!
Credits
►
Slides 3 & 4: Refer to (PDF) What Is Nanotechnology? By Anna M. Waldron and Carl A. Batt
http://www.itsananoworld.org/; note the addition of the picture of MRSA found at http://www.righthealth.com
►
Slide 5: United Streaming video clip Life Science: Bacteria “Infectious Diseases Caused by Bacteria”
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=BD07D5B2-DAA1-476E-B59DE6A4F5A98631&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
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Slides 7: Quote taken from Reuter’s article at http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN1729913920071017
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Slide 6 & 8: data from United Streaming video clip Life Science: Bacteria “Introduction to Bacteria” (02:32)
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Slide 9: http://www.animationfactory.com/en/
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Slides 14 & 15: data from NSTA 2008 Boston Conference; Foundations of Nanoscale Science: Building an Interactive
Program to Foster and Assess Learning of Nanoscale Science Concepts Clara Cahill and Cesar Delgado
►
Slide 16: images of wooden toothpick at various magnifications
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/intelplay/gallery/reflectedbrightfield.html
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Slide 17 & 19: Adapted from NSTA 2008 Boston Conference; Foundations of Nanoscale Science: Building an
Interactive Program to Foster and Assess Learning of Nanoscale Science Concepts Clara Cahill and Cesar Delgado
►
Slide 18: Refer to (PDF) What Is Nanotechnology? By Anna M. Waldron and Carl A. Batt
http://www.itsananoworld.org/; note the addition of the picture of MRSA found at http://www.righthealth.com
►
Slide 19: Image from NSTA 2008 Boston Conference; Foundations of Nanoscale Science: Building an Interactive
Program to Foster and Assess Learning of Nanoscale Science Concepts Clara Cahill and Cesar Delgado
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Slides 20, 21, & 24: Adapted from NSTA 2008 Boston Conference; Foundations of Nanoscale Science: Building an
Interactive Program to Foster and Assess Learning of Nanoscale Science Concepts Clara Cahill and Cesar Delgado
►
Slide 23:Video clip from Sani-Seat at http://www.cleanseats.com/toilet_seats/view/video.html
Just How Small
Is “Nano”?
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A football field simulates magnifying
the world by 1 million times.
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At this scale . . .the thickness of a
hair would be the width of the field.
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A red blood cell would be 10 meters.
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A staph bacterium would be just 1
meter wide.
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One nanometer would be just 1 mm!