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Mitosis What happens if it goes wrong? Normal Control of the Cell Cycle Sometimes the cells don’t stop dividing. This usually happens because of enzymes. Cancer is a malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division. Normal Control of the Cell Cycle Enzyme production is directed by genes located on the chromosomes. A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of a protein. Cancer: A mistake in the Cell Cycle Currently, scientists consider cancer to be a result of changes in one or more of the genes that produce substances that are involved in controlling the cell cycle. Cancerous cells form masses of tissue called tumors. Tumors steal food and gases from normal cells. Cancer: A mistake in the Cell Cycle In later stages, cancer cells enter the blood and spread throughout the body, a process called metastasis. This forms new tumors that disrupt the function of organs, organ systems, and ultimately, the organism. The causes of cancer Genetic causes (that you inherit) Environmental causes (UV light, asbestos, and other chemicals) Viruses (HPV)