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1663 - Robert Hooke discovers compartments he calls ‘cells’ in cork 1833 - Robert Brown discovers the nucleus in cells 1865 - Gregor Mendel states that there are units of inheritance (genes) 1905 - Sex chromosomes discovered (X and Y) 1673 - Anton Van Leeuwenhoek produced microscopes of 200x magnification. 1859 - Charles Darwin publishes his theory on evolution. 1943 - Josef Mengele conducts horrific experiments on twins in Nazi concentration camps to test nature / nurture theories. 1950/1953 - Rosalind Franklin uses X-ray diffraction to discover crucial keys to the structure of DNA 1953 - James Watson & Francis Crick create a visual model of DNA. 1989 - First birth using PGD 1978 - First ‘test-tube’ baby produced using IVF 1995 - Plan to sequence human genome began 2000 - In US first ‘saviour sibling’ produced using PGD (~200 births using PGD since) 1997 - Dolly the sheep is first mammal to be cloned. 2002 - HFEA refuse use of PGD for tissue typing alone 2003 - Human Genome project completes draft sequence of DNA 2005 - HFEA now allows PGD to be used for tissue matching that will treat sick siblings 2004 - HFEA grants first licence to allow scientists to create human stem cells using therapeutic cloning 2006 ?? Now you have seen the advances made in genetics over the last few hundred years, what do you think will happen in the future? (- think of techniques such as cloning, gene therapy, PGD, stem cells) 2006 2010 - 2020 - 2050 3005 - student sheet