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1663 - Robert Hooke
discovers
compartments he
calls ‘cells’ in cork
1833 - Robert Brown
discovers the nucleus
in cells
1865 - Gregor
Mendel states that
there are units of
inheritance (genes)
1905 - Sex
chromosomes
discovered (X and Y)
1673 - Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek produced
microscopes of 200x
magnification.
1859 - Charles Darwin
publishes his theory on
evolution.
1943 - Josef Mengele
conducts horrific
experiments on twins in
Nazi concentration camps
to test nature / nurture
theories.
1950/1953 - Rosalind
Franklin uses X-ray
diffraction to discover crucial
keys to the structure of DNA
1953 - James Watson &
Francis Crick create a
visual model of DNA.
1989 - First birth using PGD
1978 - First ‘test-tube’
baby produced using
IVF
1995 - Plan to
sequence human genome
began
2000 - In US first
‘saviour sibling’ produced
using PGD
(~200 births using PGD
since)
1997 - Dolly the sheep is
first mammal to be
cloned.
2002 - HFEA refuse use
of PGD for tissue typing
alone
2003 - Human
Genome project
completes draft
sequence of DNA
2005 - HFEA now
allows PGD to be used
for tissue matching
that will treat sick
siblings
2004 - HFEA grants
first licence to allow
scientists to create
human stem cells
using therapeutic
cloning
2006
??
Now you have seen the advances made in genetics over the last few
hundred years, what do you think will happen in the future?
(- think of techniques such as cloning, gene therapy, PGD, stem cells)
2006 2010 -
2020 -
2050 3005 -
student sheet