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Download CRCT Vocabulary Review Units 1-4
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CRCT Vocabulary Review Units 1-6 Round One- Unit One Cell Asexual reproduction DNA Variable Homeostasis Dichotomous Key Binary Fission Osmosis Theory Scientific Method Hypothesis Controlled Experiment Classification Taxonomy Bacteria Diffusion Prokaryotic cell Give the word that goes with each definition Dichotomous Key ________________- Tool scientist use to identify an unknown organism. DNA ________________- Genetic material found in all living organisms that acts as the blue print of life. Osmosis ________________-The diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Binary Fission _______________Type of asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism undergoes cell division to make genetically identical unicellular offspring. Taxonomy _______________-The science of classifying organisms and giving each a scientific name. Asexual Reproduction _______________- Reproduction that produces genetically identical offspring from only one parent. Homeostasis _______________the maintenance of a stable internal environment. Theory _______________A hypothesis that has been supported by lots of experimentation and tests. Hypothesis _______________An educated guess to a scientific problem. Bacteria _______________Among the oldest organisms on earth, these unicellular organisms have no nucleus in their cells. Prokaryotic Cell _______________- A cell that contains no membrane-bound organelles and no nuclei. Cell _______________-Membrane covered structure that contains all the materials necessary for life. Basic unit of life. Diffusion _______________-The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Scientific Method ______________The steps a scientist take when conducting a controlled experiment. Variable ____________- any factor in an experiment that changes. Now it is time to shorten up these definitions…. I will give you two or three words and you give me the vocabulary term. Educated guess Hypothesis Supported by evidence Theory Tool, identify organism Dichotomous Key Organisms, no nucleus Bacteria Molecules, High to Low Diffusion Experiment steps Scientific Method Factors that change Variables Basic Unit of Life Cells Cell, No nucleus Prokaryotic Cell Diffusion of Water Osmosis Classifying, Naming, Organisms Taxonomy Genetic Material DNA Unicellular Reproduction Binary Fission One parent Asexual Reproduction Now, Complete each sentence using what you know about your vocabulary terms…. Carleus Linnaeus developed a science in which he classified organisms and gave each a scientific name made up of the genus and the species name, this Taxonomy science was known as ________. After making several observations, a scientist can make Hypothesis a __________, or an intelligent guess to the outcome of an experiment. DNA The ________ stores all genetic information and can be found inside the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. After conducting several tests on her hypothesis, Nancy was able to support the _____ that rose theory bushes need adequate amounts of water to live. The water molecules will move osmosis using _______ up the xylem of the plant to reach the leaves for photosynthesis. Archaebacteria and Eubacteria undergo a reproduction of Binary fission cellular division called ______ and therefore their offspring is genetically identical to the one parent. All organisms are made up of one or more cells; however, archaebacteria and eubacteria are the only kingdoms made up of ________ Prokaryotic cells and have no membrane-bound cell organelles Unit two Vocabulary Protist Eukaryotes Nucleus Cell Membrane Cell Wall Ribosome Mitochondria Golgi Body Mutualism Chloroplast Vacuoles Lysosome Producer Consumer Decomposer Symbiosis Parasitism Organelle Lets start with just the definitions…. Eukaryote _______________Any unicellular or multicellular organism that has a nucleus and other organelles within its cell. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound __________ that have a Organelles specific function to carry out life. Decomposer _________________Any organism that obtains its energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms and absorb their nutrients. _______________- A eukaryote that is not an animal, fungus, or plant. Protist Parasitism _________________symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed. Nucleus _______________Organelle found in eukaryotic cells; contains the cell’s DNA and serves as the control center of the cell. Mutualism __________________symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Symbiosis __________________close long term relationship between two or more organisms. Producer __________________organisms that can make their own food. Cell Membrane ________________A phospholipids bilayer that covers a cell’s surface and regulates what enters and exits the cell. Cell Wall ______________structure that surrounds the cell membrane of some cells and provides strength and support to the cell membrane. Ribosomes ______________ - Small organelle in cells that make proteins. Mitochondria ___________________Cell organelle that breaks down sugars to supply the cell with energy in the form of ATP. Chloroplast __________________-organelle found in plant and protist cells where photosynthesis occurs. Consumer __________________organism that eats producers or other organisms for energy. Vacuole _______________Organelle that serves as a storage place for food and water within a cell. Golgi body ____________organelle that modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell. Let’s shorten up these definitions… Give the vocabulary term using these key words. Control Center Nucleus Organism with Nucleus Eukaryote Eukaryotic cells, specialized functions Organelles Organelle, stores water Vacuole Photosynthesis, organelle chloroplast Both organisms Benefit Mutualism Organelle, release energy Mitochondria Strength and Support Cell Wall Organism, makes own food Producer Controls entering and exiting cell Cell Membrane Breaks down dead Decomposer Eats producers and others Consumers Eukaryote, not animal,plant, fungus Protist 1 Benefits and 1 harmed Parasitism Long-term relationship Symbiosis Makes Proteins Ribosomes Using the picture shown…. Identify the vocabulary term it describes Mutualism Parasistism Decomposer Chloroplast Mitochondria All arrows pointing to Organelles What is A pointing to? Vacuole A What is B pointing to? Golgi Body B What is C pointing to? Cell Wall C What is D pointing to? Cell Membrane D What is E pointing to? Ribosome E What is F pointing to? Mitochondria F What is G pointing to? Chloroplast G Unit Three Vocabulary Words Fungi Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Chromosome Host Mitosis Decomposer Binary Fission Lets start with the definitions!!!! Parasitism Homologous Chromosomes Diffusion Fermentation Symbiosis Osmosis Endocytosis Exocytosis Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits white the other is harmed Parasitism Chromosomes with matching information Homologous chromosomes The diffusion of water molecules across the cell membrane Osmosis The breakdown of sugar to make ATP in the absence of oxygen fermentation A close long term relationship between two or more organisms symbiosis The movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low diffusion Fungi _______________- a kingdom of complex organisms that obtain food by breaking down other substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients. Mitosis ___________division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes Host _________________an organism on which a parasite lives. Cellular Respiration ________________the process in the mitochondria that produces ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water Photosynthesis _________________- the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar Chromosome _________________a coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division Exocytosis ________ type of active transport in which large particles are removed from the cell. Binary Fission _______________- Type of asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism undergoes cell division to make genetically identical unicellular offspring. Endocytosis ________ type of active transport in which large particles enter the cell. Decomposers __________Organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms and absorb the nutrients into their cells. Lets break down these definitions…. Matching Chromosomes Homologous Chromosomes Release Energy Without Oxygen Fermentation Long-term relationship Symbiosis One harmed- One benefits Parasitism Diffusion of Water Osmosis Movement High to Low Diffusion Enter the cell Endocytosis Organism harmed Host Division of Nucleus Mitosis Coiled DNA Chromosome Asexual Reproduction, Bacteria Binary Fission Sunlight process Photosynthesis Process in mitochondria Cellular Respiration Breaks down remains Decomposer Which word defines the picture best? Chromosome Parasitism Endocytosis Photosynthesis Fermentation Host Mitosis Diffusion Binary Fission Which of the following reproduces by binary fission • • • • A) dog B) Mosses C) Mushrooms D) E-coli Which of the following is a form of active transport? a) b) c) d) Osmosis Diffusion Endocytosis All of these use energy Which of the following is a decomposer? a) b) c) d) Mold Moss Ants Vulture Where does cellular respiration take place in the cell? a) b) c) d) Chloroplast Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus The chloroplast is responsible for what process? a) b) c) d) Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Fermentation Endocytosis Which of the following organelles work together to provide the cell with food and energy? • • • • A) ribosome and nucleus B) mitochondria and chloroplast C) Mitochondria and Ribosome D) Chloroplast and Endoplasmic Reticulum Which of the following is important in recycling nutrients back into the soil? a) b) c) d) Plants Fungi Algae Animals Which of the following is the result of mitosis a) b) c) d) 4 identical haploid cells 2 identical nuclei Offspring with genetically identical DNA Homologous Chromosomes Unit 4 Vocabulary Plants DNA Meiosis Heterozygous Chromosome Mitosis Cell Wall Punnett Square Genes Genotype Phenotype Homozygous heredity Alleles Photosynthesis Binnary Fission Cellular Respiration Asexual reproduction; Simple cell division in which one cell splits into 2 Binary Fission The process by which a plant takes in carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen Photosynthesis A tool scientist use to predict all of the possible combinations of alleles that offspring can inherit. Punnett Square The process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; produces carbon dioxide and water Cellular respiration Structure that surrounds the cell of plant cells and provides strength and support Cell Wall Alleles ______Different forms of the same gene. The division of the nucleus in which each new cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes MITOSIS _________________ Genes ________________- Located on the chromosome and codes for a specific trait. Plants ________________Kingdom of multicellular organisms that use photosynthesis to obtain their energy. Meiosis ________________Cellular division that results in 4 haploid sex cells. Homozygous ________________Genotype in which two identical alleles are present. (BB) Phenotype ________________- An organism’s physical appearance or visible trait. (Ex: Blue eyes) Heterozygous ________________Genotype in which two different alleles are present. (Bb) Genotype ________________An organism’s genetic make-up, or the combination of alleles for a particular trait. DNA ________________- Genetic material found in all living organisms that acts as the blue print of life. Heredity ____________-The passing of traits from parent to offspring Lets shorten them up! Different alleles Heterozygous Pass traits Heredity Alleles ______Different forms of the same gene. Division of nucleus • Mitosis Same alleles Homozygous Makes sex cells Meiosis Organism’s Genetic make-up Genotype Genetic material DNA Physical Traits Phenotype Located on chromosome Genes Kingdom of autotrophs Plants Process/ sunlight/ chloroplast Photosynthesis Tool, predict, offspring Punnett Square Asexual/ cell division Binary Fission Process/ mitochondria Cellular respiration Unit 5 Vocabulary • • • • • • • • Invertebrate Learned Behavior Adaptation Endoskeleton Bilateral Symetry Radial Symmetry Selective Breeding Kingdom Animalia • • • • • • • • Mutation Vertebrate Metamorphosis Innate Behavior Exothermic Natural Selection Homeostasis Evolution Give the word that matches each definition… Animals with no backbone Invertebrate A behavior that is learned, like riding a bike Learned Behavior A characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment Adaptation An internal skeleton (inside…) Endoskeleton The maintenance of a stable internal environment Homeostasis The process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate Natural Selection Cold blooded, the outside temperature regulates these animals body temperature Exothermic A behavior that is influenced by genes Innate Behavior The process by which an animal changes forms as it develops from an embryo/ larva to an adult Metamorphosis A body plan in which the two halves are mirror images Bilateral Symmetry A body plan with no symmetry Asymmetrical Animals with a skull and backbone Vertebrate A change in the order of the bases in an organism’s DNA Mutation Warm Blooded, An animal that is able to regulate its body temperature regardless of the outside temperature. Endothermic The process by which populations inherit Changes over Time. Evolution Kingdom of complex, multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms Animal Kingdom Breeding of organisms that have a certain desirable trait. Selective Breeding Unit 5 Vocabulary • • • • • • • • Invertebrate Learned Behavior Adaptation Endoskeleton Bilateral Symetry Radial Symmetry Selective Breeding Kingdom Animalia • • • • • • • • Mutation Vertebrate Metamorphosis Innate Behavior Exothermic Natural Selection Homeostasis Evolution Now choose the best word that is described by these key words. No Backbone Invertebrate changes form larva to adult Metamorphosis Behavior that is learned Learned Behavior Stable internal environment Homeostasis Favorable traits survive Natural Selection Change over time Evolution Behavior inherited Innate Behavior Warm blooded Endothermic Cold blooded Exothermic Change in DNA Mutation No symmetry Asymmetric Breeding desirable traits Selective Breeding Two halves Bilateral Symetry Characteristic helps to survive Adaptation Internal Skeleton Endoskeleton Body Plan arranged in circle Radial Symmetry Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms Animal Kingdom Has a backbone Vertebrate Inside Skeleton Endoskeleton Vocabulary Unit 6 • • • • • • • • • • Adaptation Generation Time Biotic Abiotic Food Chain Food Web Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Scavenger • • • • • • • • • Omnivore Extinct Speciation Population Carrying Capacity Habitat Natural Selection Niche Herbivore Generation Time The period between birth of one generation and the birth of the next Abiotic The nonliving factors in an environment Food Web • A diagram that shows multiple pathways of energy flow within an ecosystem Mutualism • A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from each other Parasitism A symbiotic relationship whereby one organism/species benefits from the relationship and the other organism is harmed Carnivore • A consumer that eats other consumers or animals Extinct • No more living members of the species still alive Population • A group of the same species that interbreed and live together in one area Habitat • The environment in which an organism lives Niche • The role that an organism plays in its environment Adaptation • A characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment biotic • The living factors that affect an ecosystem Food chain • A feeding relationship diagram that shows a single chain of energy exchange within an ecosystem Commensalism • A symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefits Scavenger • An animal that feeds on dead animals herbivore • A consumer that eats only producers like plants and algae Omnivore • A consumer that eats producers and consumers Speciation The formation of new species Carrying Capacity • The maximum number of organisms the environment can support due to environmental pressures such as competition and predation. Natural Selection • Process by which organisms better fitted for their environment survive long enough to pass on those beneficial traits Name the term that these key words define! Speciation • New species No more living • Extinct Where organism lives • Habitat Eats producers Herbivore Maximum number of organisms supported • Carrying Capacity Eats consumers Carnivore Group of same species • Population Single pathway of energy • Food chain Living • Biotic Eats producers and consumers Omnivore Both benefit Mutualism Feeds on Dead Animals Scavengers Multiple Pathways of Energy Food Web Characteristic of Survival • Adaptation Role organism plays • Niche One Benefits, One Harmed Parasitism Period between Births • Generation Time Nonliving • Abiotic Benefit, don’t care Commensalism Choose the term that the picture describes… Food Web Food Chain Commensalism Mutualism Carrying capacity Speciation Extinction Carnivore Scavenger Generation Time Parasitism
