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INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY BIOLOGY Many Biologists specialize in one of the branches of biology shown in the table below: BRANCH TOPICS STUDIED Structure of organisms Chemical substances and reactions in living things Plants Cells How living things interact with their environments How living things form and develop into independent organisms How inherited characteristics pass from one generation to the next Micro-organisms Fossils Animal diseases How living things perform life functions Classification of living things Animals BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION In grade 10 science, the following levels were discussed: Biome → Ecosystem → Community → Population → Individual (Organism) The Organism is made up of the following levels: Levels of Biological Organization (from smallest to largest): ________ → _______________→ ________________ → ___________ → _____________→ _____________________ → _________________ Come up with your own examples for each level of biological organization: Atom________________ → Molecule ____________ → Cell __________→ Tissue ___________ → Organ_________________________→Organ System______________→ Organism_____________ What makes something living?? The Characteristics Of Living Things: (Must be present at some stage of life cycle of the organism. Remember, some organisms are only one cell big!) 1. Living things are ____________________ 2. All living things must be able to ________________ 3. All living things must have a ___________________ 4. All living things must maintain___________________ 5. All living things have _____________ 6. All living things must be able to _____________________ 7. Growth and development Important Dates Relating to The Cell: · · THE CELL THEORY 1. All living organisms are composed of _____________________________________. 2. Cells are the basic units of ____________________________________ in all organisms. 3. All cells come from __________________________________________________. 4. The activity of an entire organism depends on the total activity of its independent cells. Many of the Characteristics of Life are carried out by specialized parts of the cell called _________. Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specialized function in the cell. In many ways, the cell is like a city, with each organelle performing an essential function for the cell. Each organelle has a unique job/function The City has … The Cell has … City Limits Power Plant Highways Storage Facility City Dump/Recycling Plant Post Office Factory City Hall Records In City Hall Farm Messenger in City Hall We will learn the structure, function and how to identify each part of the cell.