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The Plant Ontology Consortium 1 Stein , Lincoln NSF Award - #0321666 2 McCouch , 3 Kellogg , Susan Elizabeth Seung 2 1 5 Pankaj Jaiswal , Doreen Ware , Peter Stevens 4 Rhee , 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring harbor, NY; 2Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; 3University of Missouri, St. Lois, MO; 4Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA; 5Missouri Botanical Garden, University of Missouri, St. Lois, MO website: http://www.plantontology.org Project Objectives • Pilot project to develop a common set of standardized and controlled vocabulary (Ontology) terms to describe anatomy and developmental stages for rice, maize and Arabidopsis. • Apply the vocabulary to the task of describing the localized expression of the An example displaying the organization of fruits in an anatomy ontology tree and their relationship to each other. genes and phenotypes of mutants in experimental and agronomically Classically various models of plant important plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice and maize glossaries were established over a period of time, by numerous researchers, • Develop an infrastructure to support plant comparative genomics to discover patterns of similarities and dissimilarities involved in plant development. namely, Katherine Esau, A. Fahn, Elizabeth Cutter and those who defined • Impart training to collaborators from other model organism databases. • Community outreach to involve plant researchers, breeders, and systematists the growth stages in different plants. These glossaries were primarily organized by simple hierarchy addressing only the one to one relationships. Example Data Sets Some example datasets displaying transcript or protein expression, localization and Mutant phenotypes in cereals and Arabidopsis which needs annotation with a standardized anatomy and growth stage vocabulary terms. The PO Consortium adopted a simple data structure called the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), keeping it consistent with its use by the Gene Ontology Consortium (www.geneontology.org) . This structure is a type of hierarchy where the biological concepts are organized as a network tree structure in which the nodes at the top (“root”) of the tree are more general cases of specific terms at the bottom (“leaves”) of the structure. Like a simple hierarchy, children are not allowed to be their own ancestors; hence cycles are forbidden. The different term-term relationships described are: Find all rice mutants associated with dwarfism (Trait-Plant Height/culm or stem length). • What genes are predicted to be involved in association to a particular phenotype ? • Find orthologs between rice / maize / Arabidopsis that may lead to similar phenotypes. • Show all the genes that are induced by growth hormone which are also expressed in the plant’s internode. In order to help in annotation, the project will develop the standardized, controlled vocabulary (ontology) for following aspects of plants. derived-from: This relationship is used in the anatomy and developmental stage ontologies to indicate the temporal relationship between a tissue or organ and its developmental predecessor. Ectocarp is derivedfrom ovary outer. Unlike a simple hierarchy, child nodes are allowed to have more than one parent node, thus allowing multiple child to parent relationships. Anatomy Broader Impact Term-1 Term-7 instance_of Term-2 Term-6 instance_of Term-3 part_of Term-4 Plant growth stage Describes the developmental stage at which the gene and /or phenotype expression is observed and assayed derived_from Term-5 Contact Information for deliverables Lincoln Stein, [email protected] Medicago truncatula functional genomics Plant anatomy ontology: Anatomic terms and relationships. Plant development ontology: Developmental terms and relationships. Plant Ontology definitions: Definitions of anatomy and developmental terms The Plant Ontology Consortium website. A CVS repository and FTP site for distribution of the consortium’s resources This relationship is used in the anatomy ontology to indicate a subpart/part relationship within a tissue or organ. Ectocarp is part-of pericarp, which in turn is part-of fruit instance_of Plant Ontology (PO) Plant anatomy Describes the location in a plant where the gene is expressed, a gene product is localized and its associated phenotype is observed An example displaying annotation of Arabidopsis gene PHR1 using the Ontology term. • • • • • This relationship is used in both the developmental and anatomy ontologies to indicate the relationship between a specific term to a more general one. For example achenium is an instance-of a dry indeshiscent fruit, which in turn is an instance-of fruit. part-of: • An example displaying the organization of growth and developmental stages in rice plant. Information/Materials to be Generated: instance-of: Suggested, application of plant ontology helping plant biologist to make useful queries. An example displaying how “endosperm” will be defined in the anatomy tree. Instance_of The broader impact of this project is that it will provide a framework of plant development to allow researchers to make meaningful cross-database queries across the various species-specific resources in order to discover patterns of similarities and dissimilarities involved in plant development. For example, researchers will be able to obtain a definitive list of genes whose action affects plant stem development. The interaction between research communities will be facilitated by a “rosetta stone” that bridges their historical differences in terminology. This will allow the fruits of research in one plant species to be more easily used in the study of other species, leading to a greater understanding of plant biology. Last Name First Name Institution Role E-Mail Stein Lincoln Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory PI [email protected] McCouch Susan Cornell Univ. co-PI [email protected] Kellogg Elizabeth University of Missouri co-PI [email protected] Rhee Sue Carnegie Institution of Washington co-PI [email protected] Jaiswal Pankaj Cornell University co-PI [email protected] Ware Doreen Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory co-PI [email protected] Reiser Leonore Carnegie Institution of Washington Key person [email protected] Stevens Peter Key person [email protected] Vincent Leszek Missouri Botanical Garden, University of Missouri University of Missouri Key person [email protected] Douglas Cook University of California Davis Key person [email protected] Tanksley Steve Cornell University Key person [email protected]