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Blood Types Co-dominance • When two or more alleles for a gene contribute to the phenotype Blood type alleles • • • • IA = type A marker (antigen) IB = type B marker (antigen) IO or just I = No markers (antigen) Antigen – means marker on the surface of a cell **antigens are how your body can identify which cells belong to you and which are foreign** Antigens vs. Antibodies • Antigens are how your body recognizes which cells are yours and which cells are foreign. • Antibodies are what your body produces to fight off any cell that is not “marked” as yours. THINK – PAIR - SHARE • If there are 3 co-dominant alleles, how many different blood types (phenotypes) are possible? • 4 possible blood types – – – – A B AB O Type A blood genotypes = IAIA or IAIO Has only A antigens on the surface Has Anti-B antibodies A Type B blood B O B B genotypes = I I or I I Has only B antigens on the surface Has Anti-A antibodies B B B B B Type AB blood genotype = IAIB Has A and B antigens on the surface B No antibodies! B B B Type O blood genotype = IO IO Has NO antigens on the surface Makes Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies Rh Blood Group • Rh positive indicates presence of antigen D • Rh negative indicates absence of Antigen D • Rh antigens, like A and B antigens are inherited and present from birth • Anti-D antibodies are not produced until after an individual is sensitized to antigen D Fig. 14.21 What blood can I receive? Blood type: Can receive from: Can give to: Type A A or O A or AB Type B B or O B or AB Type AB A, B, AB or O *UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT O only AB only Type O A, B and AB *UNIVERSAL DONOR What happens if the wrong blood type is given?