* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download genetics
Survey
Document related concepts
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
GENETICS Genetics is the study of why you look the way you do. Do you have brown eyes or curly hair? Genetics is the reason. Genes you inherited from both of your parents will also be passed on from you to the children you have. Genes are carried on threads called chromosomes and are used to store information. There are many genes on a chromosome and they occur in pairs, one from your mom and one from your dad. These are called alleles. Some are stronger and some are weaker and some are the same These alleles are what you get from your parents and make you look the way you do. If your mom has brown eyes and your dad has blue eyes, you will get one allele for each color. If the color blue is stronger, you will have blue eyes. If the color brown is stronger, you will have brown eyes. Let’s say you have blue eyes… You still have the allele for brown eyes, it was just weaker. If you pass the weaker brown eye gene and the daddy also passes a brown eye gene, then you will have a child with brown eyes even though you may have blue. Chromosomes are made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) This is a long string of molecules called bases. There are four bases used and the order is what the cell uses for genetic code. There are two strands that lock together and twist into a spiral called a double helix The information in DNA must be decoded. The two strands of the double helix are made of bases and these are in a specific order. To make a protein that can leave the nucleus, the DNA makes a copy of itself. This copy is called messenger RNA. The mRNA shuttles the code out of the nucleus where small particles called ribosomes read the code. There are 20 amino acids in the body. The cell uses a code of three bases for each amino acid, these groups of three bases are called codons. There are also start and stop signals. To see translation: Start translation video.. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbB2kMkmb0w Your physical appearance is called a phenotype. This comes from the chromosomes you get from both of your parents. The half you get from each parent is called gametes To see how gametes are created, see videos over meiosis and mitosis. Video about mitosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K19QB0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0 Video about meiosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1_-mQS_FZ0 Genes can help prevent certain diseases. It also helps animals adapt and allows us to manipulate the way they look Veterinarians can use this genetic information to understand what causes animals to get sick. Vaccines are used to trick the body into thinking that it has been infected with a disease and the immune system can figure out a plan to get rid of the disease, if the animal really does become infected. Let’s play!! The genes that gives cows horns are recessive (weaker) The genes that give cows no horned is dominant (stronger) If these two cows have a calf, will it have horns or not?? Did you guess right??? Sometimes genes can have mutations. This can either allow the animal to adapt to a certain environment, or cause deformity. The genetic mutation that gives a basset hound it’s short legs and long body is the same mutation that creates little people.