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Johann Gregor Mendel The Father of Genetics Early Life • Born July 22, 1822 • In Heinzendorf, Austrian Silesia • Now Hyncice, Czech Republic • Cobbler’s son • Many siblings • Bright child His Training • Entered Augustinian monastery in 1843 • Brunn (Brno), Austria • Classically trained for the priesthood • Ordained in 1847 • Failed as parish priest • Potential recognized by Prelate Further Training • Prelate entered him at the U. of Vienna • 1851-1854 • Trained in mathematics and natural sciences • Returned to Brunn to teach the boys in the secondary school • 1854-1868 The monastery garden then…….. The monastery garden in Brno today His Epic Experiments • • • • • • • Monastery garden Pea plants Controlled crosses Recorded results Studied 7 traits 1856-1864 Reported to Brunn Natural History Society in 1865 “Experiments with Plant Hybrids” • • • • The Principle of Segregation Principle of Independent Assortment Law of Dominance Law of Unit Characters Law of Unit Characters • An organism receives two characters (genes) for every trait • One character comes from each parent Law of Dominance • In pairs of factors there may be different forms • One form always makes its effect known over the other • One is “dominant” while the other is “recessive” Law of Segregation • Pairs of factors are separated during the formation of gametes (sex cells) • A sperm or an egg will carry just one factor (gene) Law of Independent Assortment • Characteristics are inherited independently from one another • Where a blue eyed gene goes will not affect where a skin color gene goes • Exception – gene linkage (genes closely located on same chromosome) • Like passengers on the same bus! Final Chapter • • • • Selected as abbot of monastery in 1868 Planned experiments put aside Unrecognized in his own day Recognized in 1900 by 3 independent researchers: Hugo DeVries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak • Credited as discoverer of laws of heredity • Died January 6, 1884