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Pedigrees and Sex linked Traits Part 4 What is a PEDIGREE • A chart used to trace traits throughout a family • Parts of the chart – Circle = females – Squares = males – Half-filled in/Dotted = carrier • Have the gene but do not show signs of it – Filled-in = affected • Have both the gene and symptoms of that trait Pedigrees - A chart used to trace traits through generations of a family - How can a pedigree trace a trait ? – Circle = females – Squares = males – Half-filled in= carrier – • they have the gene but do not show signs of the disorder • Heterozygous – they can pass it on to their offspring – Filled-in = affected • Have both the gene and symptoms of that trait Bellwork: 10/30 Ifc: The following pedigree shows cystic fibrosis 1.Does anyone in generation 3 have cystic fibrosis? 2. Does generation 3 have any carriers? 3. How many female offspring did the first generation have? How many of the offspring in generation 2 were affected? 4. Describe individual 4 in generation 3 Sex chromosomes and sex linked disorders How is the sex of offspring determined? Sex chromosomes – determine the sex of an individual Y or X Males = X and Y - XY Female = X and X- XX Which parent determines the sex of the offspring? XY male X XX Y X Female X It is the male that determines the sex of the offspring. What are Sex-Linked Traits? Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes (X or Y) Most are on X chromosome Traits on the sex chromosomes are passed on differently than traits on the rest of the chromosomes. What are sex linked disorders – a disease or trait on the sex chromosomes • XX - female can be a carrier or have the trait if she has the gene on both • XY male – if it is on the x chromosome, they only need 1 allele to get the disorder. • They show up more in males because they only need one gene to get it and females need both. Red-green color blindness Can not distinguish red from green. Normal red-green Red-green colorblind What a red-green colorblind person would see Normal Red-green colorblind