* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Meiosis Notes
Survey
Document related concepts
Hybrid (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Skewed X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Y chromosome wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Take 5: 11/9/11 • What is a gene? • What does meiosis produce? • What are the 2 divisions of Meiosis? Meiosis Notes Ch 10 Mendel's Principle of Genetics • 1. Each organism must inherit a ________ copy of every gene from each of its parents. • 2. Each organism produces its own gametes (aka sex cells) and each gamete has _____ set of genes. Diploid vs. Haploid • A cell with two copies of each chromosome = __________ or _______ • A cell with only one copy of each chromosome = ___________ or ______ Diploid vs. Haploid 2n = 6 n = ___ Number of Chromosomes in various organisms… One chromosome from Dad • The two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are called One chromosome from Mom One chromosome from Dad • Each pair of homologous chromosomes has genes for the SAME traits • example: Chromosome pair #1 could code for eye color One chromosome from Mom So how do you get one chromosome from each parent? Well, I think you already know that. Fertilization, right? Yep! So that must mean that the sperm and egg cell are haploid. Yep! Are there any other cells in your body that are haploid? Nope! How do you make haploid cells? Through meiosis What’s that? The way you produce a haploid cell from a diploid cell. • Definition: Meiosis is the process in which the number of chromosomes in a cell is cut _______ due to a separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. (2n 1n cell) Meiosis involves two distinct divisions • __________ • __________ • Meiosis turns a single diploid cell into ________________ Meiosis I • Prior to meiosis I: each chromosome is ______________ Prophase I • Each chromosome pairs with the corresponding homologous chromosome to form a structure called a ________ – There are ______ chromatids in a tetrad Prophase I • In addition to pairing up and forming tetrads, they ALSO exchange portions of their chromatids in a process called _______________ • The results in an ___________ of alleles to produce new ______________ of alleles •NOTICE: This is one difference from mitosis. In mitosis the chromosomes line up __________. In meiosis, they ______ Metaphase I • The pair of homologous chromosomes _________________________ Anaphase I • The homologous chromosomes randomly ________. Telophase I • Two new cells are formed. Now these two cells enter Meiosis II UNLIKE THE FIRST DIVISION, these cells DO NOT UNDERGO ___________ • Prophase II: • ______________________________ • Metaphase II: ______________________________ • Anaphase II: _____________________________ • Telophase II: ________________ are produced. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1_-mQS_FZ0 Gamete Formation • In MALES, haploid gametes produced are called ______. In plants it is called _______ • In FEMALES, only ______ of the cells produced is involved in reproduction – AKA ______ – Other three = _______________and are not used in reproduction http://www.cellsalive.com/meiosis.htm The Simplified Version: Let’s fill this in… Crossing over Chapter 12 Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics Pedigree • A graphic representation of genetic inheritance Incomplete Dominancephenotype is a mixture between those of 2 homozygous parents Codominance- both alleles are expressed equally Sex Linked Inheritance Karyotype- normal male Karyotype - Down Syndrome (Trisomy) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycrPCT P2mFE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldjb-FR-PKo Karyotype –Turner Syndrome (monsomy)