Download Slide 1

PRACTICE EOC:
Inquiry
True: the more trials that are run, the better. But, why?
a. errors can average out better
b. more people can cause error
c. results look better on a graph
d. more constants can be fixed
Slide 1
Inquiry
Slide 2
A new dye was used to make a paint for athletic fields.
A scientist wondered if this dye would hurt the grass overseeding
later in the season. She hypothesized that the amount of the dye
would have some negative effect on grass seed germination.
Study results:
Test
Dye concentration
(# tablets/gal. water)
% germ.
A
1
92%
B
2
79%
C
3
71%
D
4
48%
continue…
Inquiry
Is her hypothesis supported?
a. Yes; germination occurred in all trials.
b. No; germination worsened as more dye was used.
c. Yes; germination worsened as more dye was used.
d. No; germination occurred in all trials.
Slide 3
Inquiry
Slide 4
Dana and Tiffany were conducting an experiment to determine the
effects of exercise on heart rate and blood pressure. After
discussing different methods of exercising, they decided to have
each test subject climb up and down the steps outside the
classroom. Dana wrote down that they would have each person
go up and down exactly 12 steps as quickly as possible for three
minutes. Why did Dana need to be this specific when she wrote
the procedure for the experiment?
a. Dana wanted to control as many unwanted variables as possible.
b. Dana didn’t want the subjects going too far from the testing
station.
c. Dana wanted to make sure that the subjects could follow
directions.
d. Dana wanted to have everything her way.
Inquiry
In science, a hypothesis is useful if
a. it is proven correct.
b. it can be proven incorrect.
c. it can be tested.
d. the explanation is already known
Slide 5
Inquiry
To see chromosomes in a cell, all you need is a ….?
a.
b.
c.
d.
magnifying glass
Dissecting scope
Compound light microscope
Electron microscope
Slide 6
Inquiry
Slide 7
Using a 10x eyepiece, you choose to use your oil immersion
objective (100x) to view bacteria. Your image is now at a
total magnification of
a. 100x.
b. 110x.
c. 1000x.
d. 10000x.
Inquiry
To measure 9.8 mL of liquid best, use a
a. 5 mL test tube.
b. 10 mL graduated cylinder marked at 0.1 mL’s.
c. 10 mL beaker marked at 1 mL’s.
d. 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask marked at 5 mL’s.
Slide 8
Inquiry
Slide 9
It is typical to always plot the _________ of experimental data
on the x axis of a graph.
a . constants
b. independent variable
c. controlled variable
d. dependent variable
Inquiry
Slide 10
Unused chemicals from a laboratory experiment should be
a. returned to the original container.
b. discarded in the sink.
c. left for the custodial staff.
d. disposed of per directions.
Inquiry
To remove larger insoluble particles from water, just use
___________.
a. osmosis
b. reverse-osmosis
c. a good filter
d. gravitation
Slide 11
Cells
Slide 12
The most significant difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
is their
a.
b.
c.
d.
presence/absence of a nucleus.
size.
shape.
ability to be mobile.
Cells
Where do you find ribosomes?
a. In the nucleus
b. On the ER and in the cytosol
c. On the smooth ER
d. Inside vesicles
Slide 13
Cells
Slide 14
What would transport successfully a large molecule without the use
of ATP?
a. facilitated transport
b. active transport
c. osmosis
d. diffusion
Cells
The cell theory states that
a. cells are basic units of structure and function.
b. all cells have organelles.
c. cells are found in almost all living things.
d. lightning and chemicals make cells.
Slide 15
Cells
Cell differentiation:
a. One bacterium cell produces many bacteria cells.
b. Zygotes are formed from sperm and egg.
c. Tissues and organs grow from a fertilized egg cell.
d. Skin cells reproduce to heal a cut.
Slide 16
Cells
Slide 17
The _________ determine the type proteins that an organism’s
cells will produce.
a. centromeres
b. genes
c. chloroplasts
d. nucleolus
Cells
What causes cell differentiation to occur when a zygote is
forming?
a. Gamete formation
b. Mutation of a gene
c. Nondisjunction
d. Stem cells
Slide 18
Cells
Slide 19
Cell differentiation results in many types of cells like skin, bone,
muscle, heart, liver, etc.
But what would be the same between two different types of cells in
the same organism?
a.
b.
c.
d.
size
chromosomes
color
mitochondrion requirements
Cells
Slide 20
The cell’s membrane consists of
a. protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas
forming the outside of the membrane.
b. two layers of phospholipids organized with the nonpolar tails
forming the interior of the membrane.
c. lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers.
d. protein molecules with polar and nonpolar tails.
Cells
What is osmosis?
a. active transport across the cell membrane.
b. diffusion of water molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
c. passive transport of solids
d. a form of pinocytosis
Slide 21
Cells
Mitosis can start by
a. pressure.
b. signals from enzymes.
c. pyruvic acids.
d. excess mitochondrial energy
Slide 22
Cells
Chromosomes line up across equator:
a. anaphase
b. prophase I only
c. metaphase I and II
d. telophase
Slide 23
Cells
Interphase:
a. cell grows
b. cytoplasm divides
c. spindle fibers dissolve
d. chromatids pull apart
Slide 24
Cells
Which cells don’t obey regular mitosis signals?
a. cancer cells
b. gamete cells
c. bone cells
d. leukocytes
Slide 25
Cells
What’s an organ system ? (best answer)
a. tissues working together to do one type job.
b. organs working together to do one type job.
c. cells working together to do one type job
d. Organs working separately to do different jobs.
Slide 26
Cells
Slide 27
Which is true?
a. The cilia moves a cell.
b. The vacuole destroys incoming bacteria.
c. The nucleus stores surplus water.
d. The mitochondrion produces chemical energy using sunlight.
Cells
Slide 28
In facilitated diffusion, molecules pass through the membrane
using _____ and is classified as a type of _________.
a. ATP/passive transport
b. proteins/passive transport
c. water/ active transport
d. proteins/active transport
Cells
Slide 29
Active transport uses ____ to pump certain molecules through
the membrane ______ the concentration gradient.
a. facilitated transport/against
b. proteins/against
c. osmosis/regardless of
d. carbohydrates / against
Cells
DNA replicates. Next stage?
a. G2
b. mitosis
c. G1
d. Telophase
Slide 30
Cells
Cells that are dividing (mitotic) out of control:
a. sperm
b. die off.
c. help with growth
d. tumor forming
Slide 31
Cell energy
Aerobic respiration makes all but…
a.
b.
c.
d.
carbon dioxide
water
ATP
ethyl alcohol
Slide 32
Cell energy
Slide 33
In class we see bubbles forming under water on the leaves of an
elodea plant. This gas is
a. carbon dioxide.
b. water vapor.
c. oxygen.
d. nitrogen.
Cell energy
Slide 34
What’s the molecule that’s the main energy currency for the cell?
a. ADP
b. ATP
c. mRNA
d. NADP+
Cell energy
ATP releases energy
a. only once.
b. as the last phosphate group is removed.
c. when ADPs join.
d. when the 3rd phosphate group is added.
Slide 35
Cell energy
Choose the correct sentence:
a. Polysaccharides are made from polymers.
b. Proteins make up amino acids
c. All lipids are made of wax.
d. Nucleotides make nucleic acids.
Slide 36
Cell energy
What does protein do?
a. Make up most of the cell membrane
b. Controls reactions as enzymes
c. makes glycerols
d. Splits glucose
Slide 37
Cell energy
Slide 38
For quick energy, you eat or drink
a. proteins.
c. water.
b. carbs.
d. fats.
Cell energy
Enzymes are needed because
a.
b.
c.
d.
less energy is then needed for a reaction.
they heat up reactions.
the reaction’s final product keeps part of it.
reactions can slow down.
Slide 39
Cell energy
Slide 40
This is a graph showing
the activity of an
enzyme making a
specific product
at a specific pH,
but at various
temperatures.
Based on the data, what results can be predicted if the
experiment is carried out at 5°C?
a. No prediction would be valid.
b. An amount of product equal to that at 20°C would be
formed.
c. An amount of product equal to that at 60°C would be
formed.
d. Little or no product would be formed.
Cell energy
Slide 41
The pH of water exposed to air is slightly acidic. Which of the
following is most likely to be the pH of this water?
a. 10.6
c. 6.5
b. 7.4
d. 2.6
Cell energy
Fermentation in muscle:
a. glucose becomes lactic acid and ATP
b. glucose and oxygen become lactic acid and ATP
c. glucose becomes CO2 and ethanol
d. glucose and oxygen become ethanol and CO2
Slide 42
Cell energy
ATP:
a. adenine, deoxyribose sugar, three phosphates
b. adenine, glucose, three phosphates
c. adenine, ribose, three phosphates
d. adenine, glucose, one phosphate
Slide 43
Cell energy
What are the monomers of proteins?
a. amino acids
b. nucleotides
c. simple sugars
d. fats
Slide 44
Heredity
Meiosis creates…
a. diploid cells
b. haploid cells
c. germ cells
d. somatic cells
Slide 45
Heredity
Slide 46
During translation, many of these move from the cytosol to a
ribosome…
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. tRNA
d. rRNA
Heredity
Sex-linked traits are
a. associated with autosomes.
b. found on sex chromosomes.
c. responsible for Down’s syndrome.
d. only expressed in males.
Slide 47
Heredity
Slide 48
Two major processes happen during protein synthesis.
First, _____ occurs in the nucleus, then ______ occurs in the
cytosol.
a.
b.
c.
d.
transcription/translation
translation/translocation
translocation/transcription
transcription/translocation
Heredity
Slide 49
If a corn plant has a genotype of Tthh, what are the possible
gamete forms the pollen could be?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Th, th
TH, th
TH, TH, th
TH, TH, th, tH
Heredity
Slide 50
Of these choices, the last stage in the creation of a functional
protein is when
a. the mRNA has been made.
b. the new amino acid chain finishes folding.
c. the stop codon arrives.
d. S phase is over.
Heredity
Slide 51
Two major events during meiosis ensure consistent genetic
diversity :
a. Anaphase I and II
b. Crossing over / independent assortment
c. Independent assortment / tetrads
d. Nondisjunction / crossing over
Heredity
What’s a gene?
a. A cell’s DNA.
b. One whole chromosome that codes for a protein.
c. One part of a chromosome that codes for a protein.
d. One codon that calls one a.a.
Slide 52
Heredity
If a mutation occurs in a gamete cell of an organism,
the mutation will (best answer)
a. always cause a disorder in its offspring.
b. change the organism’s DNA all over.
c. cause a chromosomal nondisjunction.
d. be inherited by the offspring.
Slide 53
Heredity
Slide 54
One human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a
gene, from GAC to GUC (one base pair has mutated).
This disease is the result of
a. point mutation.
b. nondisjunction.
c. crossing over
d. frameshift mutation.
Heredity
S phase: DNA separates. What attaches to it now?
a. mRNA
b. DNA nucleotides
c. RNA Polymerase
d. tRNA
Slide 55
Heredity
Slide 56
Why do tiger lilies and daylilies look the same?
a. in same environments
c. have bulbs
b. common genes
d. have the same DNA bases
Heredity
Slide 57
Some tRNA anticodons:
5’ ACC-AUG-GUU 3’
The mRNA codons that called them:
a.
b.
c.
d.
5’
ACC-AUG-GUU 3’
3’ TGG-TAC-CAA 5’
3’ UGG-UAC-CAA 5’
5’ TGG-TAC-CAA 3’
Heredity
DNA:
AAGCTGACT
Complementary DNA:
a. TTCGACTGA
b. TTGCAGTCA
c. UUGCACUGA
d. UUGCTCUCT
Slide 58
Heredity
Slide 59
Which of the following sequences represents chromosome
number during germ cell to gamete formation in the testes
of a male mammal?
a. n + n → 2n
b. 2n → n+n+n+n
c. n → n + n
d. 2n → 2n + 2n
Heredity
Slide 60
This commands protein synthesis, but is not directly involved in
protein’s assembly:
a. DNA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. mRNA
Heredity
A family pedigree shows “Disease Q”.
Not all generations get it.
Guys get it much more than females.
Which type of trait is “Disease Q”?
a. dominant, sex-linked
b. recessive, sex-linked
c. dominant, autosomal
d. recessive, autosomal
Slide 61
Heredity
Slide 62
heterozygous dominant male crosses with a recessive female.
Phenotypic ratio?
a. 1:1
b. 3:1
c. 1:0
d. 2:1
Heredity
Slide 63
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
a. It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement.
b. It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord.
c. It is the first stage of mitosis.
d. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the
organism.
Heredity
RNA is like DNA how?
a. both have thymine
b. each have sugar/phosphate.
c. they are both double stranded
d. each have ribose
Slide 64
Heredity
Which of the following responses
below is the best explanation for why
the chromosome number is an even
number in each of these organisms.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Slide 65
Diploid Chromosome #’s
Goldfish
94
Potato
48
Human
46
Pea
14
Fruit fly
8
It is only a coincidence; most other organisms have an odd number
of chromosomes.
The diploid chromosome number is even because of mitosis.
The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes,
one from each parent, so it is an even number.
Chromosome numbers double in cells every time the cells divide;
after the first division, it’s always even.
Heredity
A mutation affecting heritable traits can be in a
a. gamete
b. skin cell
c. blood cell
d. kidney cell
Slide 66
Heredity
Slide 67
In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive
allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due
to a dominant allele (D).
What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous
dog (Dd) and a normal homozygous dog (DD) would be
expected to have normal hearing?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 75%
d. 100%
Evolution
According to this phylogenic
tree, which two “leaves”
have the most recent
common ancestor??
a. B and C
b. D and E
c. B and D
d. F and G
Slide 68
Evolution
Slide 69
Phylogenic trees can be constructed by assuming that
anatomical differences decrease between species as you go
back in time. So, if the anatomy is very similar, then
________a pair of species shares a common ancestor.
a.
b.
c.
d.
the less likely
the more recently
the less one can assume
the more impossible
Evolution
Slide 70
The Baleen whales’ skeletons possess proportionately small
bones near the tail that are believed to have been hip bones
in the past. This is an example of
a. a mutant whale.
b. vestigial structures.
c. genetic isolation.
d. cartilage.
Evolution
Slide 71
Two different populations of large flightless birds live in Africa and
South America (ostriches and rheas). These birds may have once
been part of the same population before the motion of plate
tectonics separated the continents. This is an example of
a. speciation.
b. mutation.
c. genetic drift.
d. genetic equilibrium.
Evolution
Some bacteria can survive sub-zero temperatures. Why?
a. artificial breeding.
b. adaptation
c. symbiosis
d. genetic drift
Slide 72
Evolution
Slide 73
Mr. Smith sprays an herbicide to kill a certain weed in his garden.
98% die. 2% live and reproduce. Eventually, his garden is weedy
again even after continuous spraying. What is going on?
a. Not following label directions
b. Macroevolution
c. Gradual extinction
d. Microevolution
Evolution
Which statement best describes the outcome of asexual
reproduction?
a. Genetic variation  hardy offspring.
b. Offspring genetically = parent.
c. Crossing over ↑ diversity of offspring.
d. Offspring are characteristically different from parents.
Slide 74
Evolution
Slide 75
You wish to become a biologist that concentrates on
evolutionary research. Which fields are you most likely to rely
upon for research and data?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Physics and archaeology
Paleontology and biochemistry
Chemistry and radiology
Mathematics and statistics
Evolution
Slide 76
The nucleic acids that are found in bacteria, grasses, and insects
a. are structured much differently in each organism.
b. can be made up of hundreds of different types of bases.
c. are made the same way, with the same four base codes.
d. are not found in higher animals.
Evolution
If two types of organisms cannot genetically produce
reproducible offspring between each other,
they are said to be
a. isolated.
b. different species.
c. compatible.
d. fertile.
Slide 77
Evolution
Slide 78
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
a.
b.
c.
d.
natural processes that always affect the phenotype.
unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype.
unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity.
natural processes that produce genetic diversity.
Evolution
Slide 79
An arctic wolf species is small in number. Then, the environment
changes rapidly. What happens?
a. The wolf adjusts adequately.
b. The wolf has more litters.
c. The wolf becomes vegetarian.
d. The wolf could become extinct.
Evolution
Slide 80
Scientists found that, over a period of 200 years, a mountain pond
was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several
communities of organisms were replaced by different
communities. Which of these best explains why new
communities were able to replace older communities?
a. The original species became extinct.
b. Species in the older community died from old age.
c. The abiotic characteristics of the habitat changed.
d. Diseases that killed the older organisms disappeared.
Evolution
Biochemists study evolution by…
a. Looking at embryos
b. finding fossils
c. comparing parts of organisms
d. finding common DNA
Slide 81
Evolution
Slide 82
In order to reach genetic equilibrium and have NO further
evolution take place, the following conditions must be met,
EXCEPT:
a. The population must be VERY large (no genetic drift occurs).
b. There must be no movement into or out of the population.
c. There must be random mating.
d. Mutations must be random.
Evolution
Slide 83
Which of these explains the role plants play in the carbon
cycle?
a. Plants release much more carbon dioxide than they use.
b. Plants release nitrogen into the atmosphere.
c. Plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
d. d. Plants use carbon deposits in the soil to create
carbon dioxide.
Evolution
Slide 84
The spiked paired leaves of a Venus fly trap plant and the leaves of a
pitcher plant perform very different functions for each plant.
Being leaves, however, they are said to be
a.
b.
c.
d.
from different ancestors
homologous structures
coevolutionary structures
analogous structures
Evolution
Slide 85
One reason the study of ancient life cannot show us all past living
organisms is because
a.
b.
c.
d.
most fossils are from present day organisms.
many organisms had soft bodies.
bones only last a few years.
all fossils are under water.
Ecology
Slide 86
The population density of resurrection fern is greatest at the upper
canopy of dense jungle trees. Why is there none at the
forest floor?
a. not enough light
b. too dry
c. food supply low
d. animals graze there
Ecology
Slide 87
While on the nature trail, a student turns over a rotted log. Fungi,
termites, pill bugs, ants, slugs, and earthworms are observed living
in and around the log.
Collectively, just these organisms represent a
a. community.
c. biome.
b. population.
d. species.
Ecology
Slide 88
A doctor prescribed leach therapy (purposefully allowing leaches to
remove blood) for a person suffering from a blood disorder,
resulting in the person being helped. This would then be an
example of
a. predation.
c. mutualism.
b. parasitism.
d. commensalism.
Ecology
Slide 89
Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from
being covered with the bodies of dead organisms?
a. herbivores
c. parasites and viruses
b. producers
d. fungi and bacteria
Ecology
Slide 90
A glacier finally melts away. Which order of succession is most likely?
a. Trees, lichens, shrubs, grasses
b. Lichens, shrubs, trees, grasses
c. Lichens, grasses, shrubs, trees
d. Trees, ferns, shrubs, grasses
Ecology
Slide 91
The carrying capacity of a population in an ecosystem is
a. the average rate at which individuals in the population die
off.
b. the amount of animals the entire biome sustains.
c. an average maximum number of individuals of a population
that an ecosystem supports.
d. d. how an ecosystem can carry a population to another
ecosystem.
Ecology
Slide 92
You create an ecosystem in class by putting grass, grasshoppers, and
a lizard in an aquarium, and put it in darkness. What won’t
happen?
a. Digestion
b. Decomposition
c. Photosynthesis
d. Decay
Ecology
Slide 93
In a pond, 1) the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra,
2) the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia,
3) the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill, and
4) the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass.
What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are
killed with pesticides?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The Spirogyra population will probably die.
The bluegill population will not be affected.
The smallmouth bass population will not be affected.
The smallmouth bass population will suffer.
Ecology
What maintains levels of O2?
a. Photosynthesis / transpiration
b. Photosynthesis / respiration
c. Evaporation
d. Breathing of animals
Slide 94
Ecology
Slide 95
Which of the following statements about succession is correct?
a. Secondary succession occurs where no soil exists.
b. Primary succession occurs in areas where soil remains after a
disturbance.
c. Secondary succession can occur where a disturbance has left
soil intact.
d. Secondary succession begins with pioneer species,
primary succession does not.
Ecology
Slide 96
Nitrogen can enter the soil as liquid waste from animals.
How is nitrogen recycled?
a. The nitrogen is eventually released back into the air by bacteria.
b. The nitrogen is eaten by grubs.
c. Bacteria break down roots.
d. Animals absorb nitrogen through skin.