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RNA Structure
Date: 2/28/07
Day B
Objectives
Identify the role of RNA
Compare RNA with DNA
DNA Decoding
RNA is made up of four components
– 1. Phosphate
– 2. Sugar (Ribose, not Deoxyribose)
– 3. Nitrogen Bases (A, U, C, G- instead
of having Thymine RNA contains Uracil
– 4. Hydrogen bonds between the two
nucleotides
RNA Structure
RNA is called Ribonucleic Acid
RNA is the principle molecule that carries
out the instructions coded in DNA
RNA is considered a macromolecule
RNA has three different types:
– 1. mRNA (messenger RNA- mailman)
– 2. rRNA (ribosomal RNA- the factory)
– 3. tRNA (transfer RNA- deliveryman)
Comparing DNA with RNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Deoxyribose Sugar
Uses thymine (A=T,
C=G)
Only found in nucleus
One type
Master copy
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Ribose Sugar
Uses Uracil (A=U,
C=G)
Can move from
nucleus to cytoplasm
Three types (mRNA,
rRNA, tRNA)
Blueprint
Forms Of RNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Name
Messenger
RNA
Ribosomal
RNA
Transfer
RNA
Role
Transcribes the DNA
into RNA by
changing the T into U
everything else is the
same
Are the proteins
where the assembly
of the amino acids
takes place
The delivery man
who brings the
proper amino acids
for the sequences of
RNA
Found In Cell
Nucleus/
cytoplasm
mailman
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
factory
Delivery man
Nickname
Transcription
Transcription: Is the process by
which RNA is made
– In transcription part of the nucleotide
sequence of DNA molecule is copied
into RNA
• DNA acts as template for RNA,
– MAJOR COMPONENT
• RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase
Is an enzyme the binds directly to a
molecule of DNA
RNA Polymerase produces a strand of
RNA
–
–
–
–
–
One nucleotide at a time
RNA turns all T U
Example: AACT 
UUGA
It gives it its complementary pair without the
T’s
RNA Polymerase
Example #2
DNA strand , give the complementary strand
AATCGGCATTACGAACTACCGA
TTAGCCGTAATGCTTGATGGCT
COMP STR
From the Original Strand give the RNA
UUAGCCGUAAUGCUUGAUGGCU RNA STRAND
So RNA is the some pattern as the complementary
strand with T replacing U
RNA as a Message
First, single sequence in DNA may be
copied again and again
Second, by making RNA, the cell is
able to keep its DNA in reserve
controlling access to it and carefully
regulating its use and replication
QUIZ
Original Strand:CGCCTGACTAGGACATACGGG
Complementary Strand:?
RNA strand: ?
Answer
Complementary Strand:
GCGGACTGATCCTGTATGCCC
RNA Strand: GCGGACUGAUCCUGUAUGCCC