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Protein folding wikipedia , lookup
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Proteins Proteins: Multipurpose molecules Proteins Examples – muscle insulin – skin, hair, fingernails, claws • collagen, keratin pepsin – pepsin • digestive enzyme in stomach – insulin • hormone that controls blood sugar levels collagen (skin) • Function: Proteins – many, many functions • hormones – signals from one body system to another – insulin • movement – muscle • immune system – protect against germs • enzymes – help chemical reactions Proteins • Building block = amino acids amino amino amino amino amino acid – acid – acid – acid – acid 20 different amino acids H O carboxyl H | || —N— —C—C—OH | H Alpha carbon Amino group variable group There’s 20 of us… like 20 different letters in an alphabet! Can make lots of different words Amino acid chains • Proteins – amino acids chained into a polymer amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid • Each amino acid is different – some “like” water & dissolve in it Polypeptide – some “fear” water & separate from it bond Water-fearing amino acids • Hydrophobic – “water fearing” amino acids – try to get away from water in cell • the protein folds Water-loving amino acids • Hydrophillic – “water loving” amino acids – try to stay in water in cell • the protein folds For proteins: SHAPE matters! • Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape – that’s what happens in the cell! • Different shapes = different jobs growth hormone hemoglobin pepsin collagen It’s SHAPE that matters! • Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape • Unfolding a protein destroys its shape – wrong shape = can’t do its job – unfolding proteins = “denature” • temperature • pH (acidity) In Biology, it’s not the size, it’s the SHAPE that matters! folded unfolded “denatured”