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co25 DNA is never found naked in normal cells, but instead it is wrapped around spherical proteins called Histones to form a chunkier rope-like material called CHROMATIN Fig. 25A Fig. 25.2 Double ringed bases (Adenine and Guanine) are PURINES. Single ringed bases (Cytosine and Thymine) are PYRIMIDINES DNA Nucleotide “Complimentary Base Pairing” Very specific pairing takes place HELPFUL memory device C to G with 3 T to A with 2 “T A 2” Like “Tatoo” Fig. 25.3 DNA is the only molecule that can copy itself. Why is that important? Fig. 25.4 Fig. 25.8 DNA of a gene is copied into mRNA that carries code outside the nucleus of the cell Fig. 25.7 Once the gene message is copied and carried outside of the nucleus it can then be used as a guide to build specific types of proteins. Various structural and functional proteins (such as hair, blood, enzymes, many hormones etc) are built by assembling amino acids together in long chains Fig. 25.6 Fig. 25.12a Fig. 25.12b Fig. 25.12c Fig. 25.13 Fig. 25.17