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Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Regents Biology Energy flow Energy enters an ecosystem as sunlight Photosynthesis converts this light energy into chemical energy, stored in organic compounds Cellular respiration is the release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds in cells in the presence of oxygen Regents Biology Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers What do we need energy for? To make new compounds for body reproduction active transport movement temperature control Regents Biology Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins (in the bonds) Animals eat these organic molecules food digest (break apart) food to get fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids Regents Biology What is energy in biology? ATP Regents Biology What we all need to function: Money and Energy Change - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -ATP Large bills - - - - - - - - - - - Simple Sugars Checking - - - - - - - - - - - - Disaccharides Savings - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Starch, Lipids stocks, investments- - - - - -- Lipids, Proteins Regents Biology Harvesting energy stored in food Cellular respiration breaking down food to produce ATP happens in mitochondria requires oxygen glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energy dioxide C6H12O6 + Regents Biology 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + heat What do we need to make energy? The “Furnace” mitochondria Fuel food carbohydrates, fats, proteins food The Helpers oxygen “aerobic” enzymes Regents Biology O2 ATP “Burn fuels” to make energy combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in one step fuel (carbohydrates) O2 CO2 + H2O + heat respiration making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps in the presence of oxygen ATP Regents Biology food (carbohydrates) O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP (+ heat) Stepwise energy harvest If energy is released from a fuel all at once, it cannot be harnessed efficiently for constructive work For example, if a gasoline tank explodes, it cannot drive a car very far. Regents Biology Efficiency: We can only use about 40% of the energy contained in the food we eat Remaining 60% of energy in glucose is lost as heat Very efficient: most cars use only 25% of energy in gasoline WOW!!! Regents Biology Regents Biology Using ATP to do work? Can’t store ATP too unstable only used in cell that produces it only short term energy storage carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Regents Biology ATP work ADP + P A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second A Body’s Energy Budget food intake ATP Kinetic energy Potential energy synthesis storage Regents Biology { { { • resting energy • activity • temperature control • growth • reproduction • glycogen • fat Now how do we actually break apart this “glucose”? We break the 6-carbon glucose in half in a process called Glycolysis Then if oxygen is: absent present (anaerobic respiration) (aerobic respiration) It starts to ferment Or produce lactic acid Regents Biology it goes to the kreb’s cycle and finishes popping off carbons to get energy LE 9-6_1 If oxygen IS present then ………… Glycolysis Pyruvate Glucose Cytoplasm ATP Regents Biology Mitochondria LE 9-6_2 Glycolysis Pyruvate Glucose Cytoplasm ATP Regents Biology Kreb’s cycle Mitochondria ATP Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH Glycolysis Pyruvate Glucose Cytoplasm ATP Regents Biology Kreb’s cycle Electron Transport Chain ETC Mitochondria ATP ATP What if something is missing? Can’t complete aerobic respiration fermentation bacteria & yeast glucose ATP + alcohol beer, wine, bread, yogurt anaerobic respiration Animals and some bacteria glucose ATP + lactic acid muscle fatigue Regents Biology Any Questions?? Regents Biology