Download File - Ms. Kenyon`s Class

Ch8 Warm Up #4
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4/19
How are matter and energy related?
Name 1 form of energy
How do living things get energy from foods?
Name 1 macromolecule
Explain why that macromolecule is important
(what does it do for us?)
Agenda
•
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•
•
Go over lab from yesterday
Cellular Respiration Notes
Practice
Grades
4/19
How do organisms
get energy from food?
Learning target #4:
• “I can recognize and describe the processes
and chemical equations that occur during
photosynthesis and respiration”
Cellular Respiration
– Cellular respiration: process where
organsims use glucose and oxygen to
make energy, carbon dioxide, and water
– Remember: energy is stored in the bonds of
molecules
– Calories = Energy stored in the bonds of foods
• KEY CONCEPT:ALL living things use respiration
to get energy
– Includes plants, algae, bacteria, animals, fungi
• Cellular respiration happens inside an
organism’s cells
Step 1: Getting glucose
A. The organism gets glucose either by making
it (autotrophs) or eating another organism
(heterotrophs)
B. Glucose is taken into cells to get broken
down
Step 2: Breaking glucose bonds to
get energy
A. Glucose moves into the cell’s Mitochondria
-Remember: “mighty” mitochondria makes the cell’s energy!
B. Oxygen (O2) also moves into the mitochondria
Without oxygen, this part of respiration does not
work so organisms cannot get much energy!
(this is why humans &
other organisms need O2!)
C. Enzymes break down glucose and make new
bonds forming H2O, CO2, and Energy (stored as
ATP)
-Enzymes control the speeds of these reactions
D. CO2 leaves the cell and is released by the
organism (breathing out)
-Now the CO2 can be used by plants in photosynthesis!
Cellular respiration
vs
Respiratory system
• Cellular respiration happens inside cells and is
breaking molecules down using oxygen
• The respiratory system all of the organs that
bring oxygen into our bodies and take carbon
dioxide out.
• Key point: they are related, but not the same
WHEN DONE – TAKE OUT A
LAPTOP
• When it talks about TEACHER –
put MS. KENYON!
• The survey is about me, not Mr. Slider (you
don’t need to do one for him)
• I will give everyone who takes time and does
the survey 15 points!!!!!
Your “Do Now”
4/20
• Take paper from up front
• Get out Notes 3 & 4
• Complete 7, 8, and 9
• Copy down learning target #4 when done
“I can recognize and describe the processes and
chemical equations that occur during
photosynthesis and respiration”
Agenda
• Practice problems (complete these with your
critical partners)
• Thinking maps
• Quiz
• Reminder: get lab turned in!!!
• Phonecalls today
Summary
• During cellular respiration, glucose is broken
down forming ATP, water, and carbon dioxide
• ATP can get broken down to ADP, which
releases energy
Cellular Respiration Equation
O2
Oxygen
+ C6H12O6 
+
Glucose
CO2 +
H2O + Energy
 Carbon dioxide + Water +
Wait a minute… that looks familiar…
Energy
Why does an organism
need ATP (energy)?
Some other important points
• In cellular respiration carbs, proteins, and lipids
can be broken down to make energy
• Hormones in our bodies control metabolism
(respiration rates)
– Hormones released from our brains signal our cells
to do more respiration when we need more energy
– Part of homeostasis (keeping things in balance)
Can organisms make energy
when O2 is not there?
Oxygen and Energy
– Aerobic Respiration:
respiration that requires
oxygen (makes much more
energy)
– Anaerobic Respiration:
respiration that does not
require oxygen (does not
make much energy)
The relationship between
photosynthesis & respiration
• Photosynthesis makes sugars using light
energy, respiration breaks sugars down to
get energy
• Finish the statement:
The ________________ of photosynthesis
are the ________________ of respiration
CELLULAR RESPIRATION &
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
O2
Oxygen
CO2
RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 
CO2
+ H2O + Energy
+
+
Glucose  Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
+ H2O + energy (light)  C6H12O6 + O2
Carbon dioxide + water + energy
 glucose
oxygen
Reminders
– Energy capture by
photosynthesis occurs
only in plants, algae, and
some bacteria.
– The release of energy by
cellular respiration takes
place in plants, animals,
fungi, protists, and most
bacteria.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
– In organisms like humans, fermentation
happens in muscles when there is a lack of
oxygen
– What could cause this to happen?
____________________________
-The lactic acid builds-up
and causes pain
Big question: How do organisms
get energy from food?
• Fermentation notes (at end of hour if we have
extra time and questions about fermentation)
Fermentation
– Fermentation: respiration without oxygen
makes much less energy than aerobic respiration
– Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
Alcoholic Fermentation
– Fermentation in yeast produces alcohol and
carbon dioxide.
– This process is used to produce alcoholic
beverages and causes bread dough to rise.
Energy and Exercise
Quick Energy
– Cells normally contain small amounts of ATP
produced during cellular respiration, enough for a
few seconds of intense activity.
– Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP
to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is
required to get rid of the lactic acid produced.
– Following intense exercise, a person will huff and
puff for several minutes in order to pay back the
built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid
from the body.
Energy and Exercise
Long-Term Energy
– For intense exercise lasting longer than 90
seconds, cellular respiration is required to
continue production of ATP.
– Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly
than fermentation does.
– The body stores energy in the form of the
carbohydrate glycogen. These glycogen stores
are enough to last for 15 to 20 minutes of activity.
After that, the body begins to break down other
stored molecules, including fats, for energy.
FRIDAY, APRIL 19