Download Trans Fatty Acids

Trans Fatty Acids
The King and I (Hans-aka Jeff, and
Elvis aka Will)
So what’s the big deal?
• In 1995 trans fatty acids make up an
estimated 4-12% of the average American’s
dietary fat intake (Roach et al 2004).
• That’s 2-4% of total energy input, or as
much as 13.3 g of trans fatty acid/day!
•
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What are trans fatty acids
• Fatty Acids-long chain carbon complexes
• Classified as
– Saturated
– Unsaturated
» Cis-normal biological conformation
– Trans-distorted conformation-resembles
saturated
–
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What’s the deal with these fatty
acids?
• Hydrogenation- a process to transform
saturated fatty acids in the form of oils to a
more viscous unsaturated form. (eg.
Vegetable oil margarine).
• This process results in a combination of cis
and trans unsaturated fatty acids.
•
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The chemistry?
Cis
The chemistry-trans
The chemistry-saturated
So what’s the big deal?
• Trans fatty acids do occur in nature (Jirovitz
et al), but in extremely small amounts.
Thanks to the process of hydrogenation, a
little bit has turned into a lot.
•
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So what’s the big deal?
• Fatty acids play many important roles in the
cell
– Intracellular signaling
– Make up membrane that holds the cell together
– Energy storage
So what?
• Well, since this drastic change in
conformation changes how the fatty acid
functions in the roles it holds. This has
implicated it in many health problems
– Increase in coronary disease, and
arteriosclerosis rates
– Potential carcinogens
– Accumulates in body-tougher to get rid of!
What’s the difference?
• Results in a change in shape of the long
carbon chain of the fatty acid.
• In chemistry, shape has a strong influence
on how the molecule interacts with other
molecules.
•
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What happens to the membrane?
Figure 1. Effect of conformation on membrane
fluidity
Any more bad news?
Figure 2. Effect of conformation on membrane
permeability
How do they contribute to heart
disease?
• Activity of 12-P LOX is suppressed by all
cis–trans fatty acids used
• Cycloxygenase/thromboxane synthase
activity is significantly inhibited by
polyunsaturated fattyacids.
• Trans fatty acids may modify the activity of
receptors and other membrane proteins.
•
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What’s the cancer connection
• Strong correlations between accumulation of trans
fatty acids in butt fat, and breast cancer rates.
• Comparisons were done with women who had
low, vs high trans fatty acid consumption.
• Showed 40% increase in risk of developing breast
cancer.
•
Ban the bomb
Any more bad news?
• Increases likelihood of developing type II
diabetes.
• Increases LDL levels in blood (baaaaaad
cholesterol!)
•
God shave the Queen.
What’s the King to do?
•
•
•
•
Cut back on the fast food
Cut back on the margarine
Limit overall fat intake
Moderation is key
•
Give us an A
References
•
Special Thanks to Johnny Mack, and Jewels, for the “Renegades”, and the the hair care!
•
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Roach et al. Comparison of cis and trans fatty acid containing phosphatidylcholines on
membrane properties. Biochemistry 2004, 43, 6344-6351
•
Ewa Stachowska et al. Trans Fatty Isomers Modify Lipoxygenase and
Cyclooxygenase/Thromboxane Synthase. Nutrition Volume 20, Number 6, 2004
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JIROVETZ et al. Aroma Compound Analysis of Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae)
SPME Headspace Leaf Samples Using GC, GC-MS, and
Olfactometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 4643-4646
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www.sciencedaily.com
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www.dannycarey.org