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Macromolecules Molecules important to life Macromolecule Carbohidrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Elements Building Structure/ Block Function Example s Notes: Elements in Macromolecules Macromolecules have: • Carbon (C ) • Hidrogen (H) • Oxygen (O) • Nitrogen (N) • Phosphorus(P) • Sulfate (S) Functional Groups • NH2- amino • OH- alcohol : polar • COOH- carboxylic Carbohydrates Building Block: sugars (saccharide) Function: Source of Energy/precursor Examples of structure: (Examples in food) Example: glucose Lipids- fats Building Block: Fatty acids Function: – Store energy, form cell membrane, Examples of structure: Examples in food Example:Fat cells Proteins Building Block: amino acids/amino acidos Functions: fight infection, source of energy, act as enzyme, carriers Examples in food Example: hemoglobin in red blood cells Example: keratin in hair Nucleic Acids Building Block: Nucleotides Function: Form DNA and RNA. Used for transmitting and storing the genetic code. Structure: Examples: DNA RNA Types of Carbohydrates Monossaccharide- 1 unit of sugar. Dissaccharide- 2 units of sugar. Polyssaccharide – More than 2 units of sugar. Proteins Formed • The order of the amino acids determine the protein formed. Types of lipids 1.Saturated- solids at room temperature (NO double bonds between carbons) -C-C- 2. Unsaturated- liquids at room temperature ( 1 double bond between carbons) -C=C- 3. Polyunsaturated- (more than 1 double bond between carbons) c=c-c=c Nucleotides in Nucleic Acids • Nucleotides are composed of a sugar molecule, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group. Imortant Reactions condensation - Remove water to form larger molecules. Hydrolysis: Add water to break up molecules.