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AP Biology AP Test Review Cells Jeopardy A: Biochem B: Enzymes C: Cell D: Cell Structure Function E: Cell Respiration F: Photosynthesis G: Cells Grab Bag 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Final Jeopardy Help (1) Save a duplicate of this template. (2) Enter all answers and questions in the normal view. (view/normal) (3) Change the category headings in the normal view (view/normal) (4) View as a slideshow. (5) Use the home red button after each question. ©Norman Herr, 2003 A-100 • ANSWER: Monomers of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids, respectively? • QUESTION: What are monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides? Answer Question A-200 • ANSWER: cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, respectively • QUESTION: What are the clinging of like molecules, the attraction/clinging of different molecules and a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break a liquid surface? Answer Question A-300 • ANSWER: dehydration and hydrolysis reactions, respectively • QUESTION: What reactions bind molecules while removing a water molecule; and what reactions split molecules while adding a water molecule? Answer Question A-400 • ANSWER: The 2 functional groups always found in amino acids • QUESTION: What are the amino (NH2) and Carboxyl (COOH) groups? Answer Question A-500 • ANSWER: The 4 levels of protein structure • QUESTION: What are – A polypeptide (or amino acid) chain – A coiled or folded pattern of the chain – A unique 3-D structure from the coils/folds resulting from side chain interactions – Interaction of 2 or more polypeptides into one unique 3-D macromolecule Answer Question B-100 • ANSWER: Free energy • QUESTION: What is the portion of a system’s energy that can do work? Answer Question B-200 • ANSWER: Exergonic, endergonic and equilibrium reactions • QUESTION: What are reactions that have a net release of free energy, absorb free energy and those that do no work? Answer Question B-300 • ANSWER: The effect enzymes have on activation energy and free energy in a reaction • QUESTION: What are 1) reduction, and 2) no change, respectively? Answer Question B-400 • ANSWER: Competitive inhibitor • QUESTION: What type of molecule inhibits enzyme activity by binding at the active site, thus competing with the substrate? Answer Question B-500 • ANSWER: Allosteric regulation, activator and inhibitor • QUESTION: In what type of enzyme regulation does the regulatory molecule bind to a separate site; and what are the terms for the molecules that stabilize the active and inactive forms of the enzyme, respectively? Answer Question C-100 • ANSWER: The functions of smooth and rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • QUESTION: What are – Lipid synthesis and toxin detox – Assistance in protein synthesis, respectively Answer Question C-200 • ANSWER: The functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes, respectively • QUESTION: What are – Digestion of macromolecules by enzymes and an acidic environment; and – Breakdown of various substances including some toxins and H2O2? Answer Question C-300 • ANSWER: Golgi complex (or apparatus) • QUESTION: What organelle receives incomplete proteins from the ER, then completes their processing and packages them into vesicles for transport elsewhere in the cell or out of the cell? Answer Question C-400 • ANSWER: A jelly-like outer coating on many prokaryotes • QUESTION: What is a capsule? Answer Question C-500 • ANSWER: Nucleoid and Nucleolus • QUESTION: What is the region in a prokaryote where its DNA is located; and what is the region inside a eukaryotic cell where ribosomes are made? Answer Question D-100 • ANSWER: The fluid mosaic model • QUESTION: What model describes the cell membrane as a flexible phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that can move somewhat? Answer Question D-200 • ANSWER: The mechanisms for passive and active transport • QUESTION: What are diffusion down a concentration gradient (passive) and use of energy to move solutes against their gradients (active)? Answer Question D-300 • ANSWER: Parts of a signal transduction pathway • QUESTION: What are reception, transduction and response? Answer Question D-400 • ANSWER: Paracrine, Synaptic and Hormonal signaling • QUESTION: What types of cell signaling involve 1) cells communicating with nearby cells, 2) nerve cell transmission, and 3) long distance cell communication via hormones? Answer Question D-500 • ANSWER: The mechanism by which signal amplification occurs in a cell’s response to a signal • QUESTION: What occurs during signal transduction when each molecule in an enzyme cascade activate numerous molecules in the next step before becoming inactive (may also involve scaffolding proteins)? Answer Question E-100 • ANSWER: The purpose of cellular respiration • QUESTION: What is the manufacture of ATP? Answer Question E-200 • ANSWER: The 3 steps in cellular respiration and the 2 parts of the last step • QUESTION: What are glycolysis, the Krebs (or citric acid) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation; and what are the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis? Answer Question E-300 • ANSWER: 2 types of fermentation, and example organisms that have these processes • QUESTION: What is alcoholic fermentation, done by yeasts and some bacteria, and what is lactic acid fermentation, done by animal muscles Answer Question E-400 • ANSWER: The function of the citric acid cycle, and its waste product • QUESTION: What is the breakdown of pyruvic acid (as Acetyl CoA) to the highenergy molecules NADH, FADH2 and ATP, and its release of CO2 Answer Question E-500 • ANSWER: This is what occurs in the 2 processes of oxidative phosphorylation • QUESTION: What is the ETC, in which electron transfer creates a H+ gradient, followed by chemiosmosis, a coupled reaction in which H+ moves thru ATP Synthase in the mitochondrial membrane, synthesizing ATP as H+ enters the mitochondrial matrix Answer Question F-100 • ANSWER: The general purpose of photosynthesis and the term given to organisms that conduct it • QUESTION: What is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, and autotrophs? Answer Question F-200 • ANSWER: The 2 major processes of photosynthesis and the 2 reaction centers of the first process (in the order they are active) • QUESTION: What are light-dependent and the Calvin Cycle (or lightindependent) reactions, and what are photosystems II and I? Answer Question F-300 • ANSWER: the coupled process that uses the energy in a H+ gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP • QUESTION: What is chemiosmosis? Answer Question F-400 • ANSWER: Cyclic electron flow • QUESTION: What is the production of extra ATP that uses PS I, the ETC and back to PS I to generate more ATP than NADPH? Answer Question F-500 • ANSWER: The 3 stages and product of the Calvin Cycle • QUESTION: What are Carbon fixation, Reduction, and Regeneration (of RuBP), and sugar (G3P) Answer Question G-100 • ANSWER: Cell junctions in plant and animal cells (respectively) that permit passage of some materials from one cell to another • QUESTION: What are gap junctions and plasmodesmata? Answer Question G-200 • ANSWER: When a substance is pumped across a membrane, then does work as it moves across the membrane by diffusion while another substance moves with the first against its concentration gradient • QUESTION: What is cotransport? Answer Question G-300 • ANSWER: Substrate Phosphorylation • QUESTION: What is the formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from another (substrate or intermediate) molecule Answer Question G-400 • ANSWER: Photorespiration • QUESTION: What is the process in which photosynthesis is reduced (CO2 is released, O2 is consumed, no ATP is made) as a result of hot, dry conditions? Answer Question G-500 • ANSWER: Scaffolding protein and its function • QUESTION: What is a large relay protein to which other relay proteins are attached, increasing the efficiency of signal transduction? Answer Question FINAL JEOPARDY • ANSWER: The energy-carrying molecules produced in cellular respiration vs. those produced in photosynthesis • QUESTION: – In cellular respiration, what are NADH, FADH2 and ATP – In photosynthesis, what are NADPH and ATP Answer Question