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Human Body Systems
Lesson 12 Terms and Definitions
Oxidation
• Oxidation – the combination of oxygen
with any substance.
• Any substance could be ANYTHING –
metals, living tissue, other gases, liquids,
etc.
Combustion
• According to Webster's Dictionary
http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/spinoff1999/webimages/11.jpg
• Combustion - a usually rapid
chemical process (as
oxidation) that produces heat
and usually light; also : a
slower oxidation (as in the
body)
http://www.writehisanswer.com/Merriam%20Webster%20Dictionary.jpg
Q: What makes up the
air we breath?
The AIR we breath
Air is made up of many gases
• Nitrogen (N2) – 78%
• Oxygen (O2) – 21%
• Argon (Ar) – 0.93%
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – 0.038%
• Other
Q: What does the
oxygen in the air do in
your body?
Oxygen moving into the lungs
1. Oxygen moves down the bronchus to the
alveoli.
2. The alveoli walls and the walls of the
capillaries are 1 cell thick.
Thin walls make O2
and CO2 exchange
easy.
Path cont.
Once it’s in the capillary it is carried to the
cells of the body.
In the cells O2 is used for cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration – process by which
nutrients are broken down and in the
presence of O2 and energy is released.
Glucose + Oxygen → Water + CO2 + Energy
Step 1 – cellular respiration
1. Glycolysis – glucose (the body’s major
fuel) is broken down into 1.pyruvic acid
and 2.energy.
Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen.
The pyruvic acid can undergo one of two
processes, depending on if O2 is present.
Step 2 – cellular respiration
A. Aerobic respiration = O2 is present.
B. Anaerobic respiration = Not enough O2 is
present for aerobic respiration.
Aerobic Respiration
• Oxygen is present
• Pyruvic acid is broken down and ATP is
formed.
• CO2 , water, and HEAT are released.
• Occurs on mitochondria in the cell.
Mitochondria
• Folded membrane inside a cell.
• “Power House” of the cell responsible for
energy production.
http://math.etsu.edu/symbiosis/mitochondria.jpg
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/mito.gif
Anaerobic Respiration
• Occurs when there’s NOT enough O2 to
complete the aerobic phase.
• Fermentation turns pyruvic acid into lactic
acid.
• Later lactic acid can be converted back to
pyruvic acid when O2 is present.
Gases and Fuels
• ONLY gas used = Oxygen (O2)
• Glucose is the main fuel used.
– Others include: fat, amino acids.
Energy in Cellular Respiration
• 60% of energy is in the form of HEAT!
• Remainder is stored in a chemical called
ATP – Adenosine Tri Phosphate.
– Body uses this stored energy later.
What’s this heat used for?
Heat is used to….
1. Maintain body temperature
2. Rest is eliminated through perspiration,
radiation, conduction, urination, and
exhalation.
http://www.scordo.com/blog/pics/sweating.jpg
The LIVER
•
The liver helps control glucose levels.
•
Too much glucose in the blood, liver
converts glucose to one of 2 things:
1. Glycogen – stored in body tissue
2. Fat – stored in adipose tissue
Videos
• Discovery Education
1. The Human Body: Pushing the Limits
Segments:
1. Carbohydrates and Fats: Fueling the body
(8 min)