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Protein A macronutrient Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health Protein facts • Eating one gram of protein provides the body with 17 kilojoules of energy • Protein is especially important during times of growth, such as during adolescence and pregnancy Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health Protein facts • Many amino acids join together to make protein. • Protein is broken down into amino acids during digestion for easy absorption • Some are stored in the liver to make new proteins and tissues required by the body Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health Structure of protein • Protein is made up of amino acids (AAs); there are 2 types of AAs: 1. Essential cannot be made by the body (must be taken in food) 2. Non-essential Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health can be made by the body Functions of protein • The nitrogen in protein helps with growth and repair and maintenance all body tissues (e.g. skin, nails, muscle). • Hormones, enzymes and antibodies are made and regulated from protein Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health Functions of protein • Protein regulates body processes such as water balance both inside and outside cells • Provides structure to the body e.g. collagen is the strong and flexible framework for skeleton, tendons, connective tissue • Protein provides some energy if supplies from CHO and fats are low Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health Food sources • There are two types of protein sources: 1. Complete proteins – – Foods that contain all of the essential AAs e.g. meat, fish, cheese, soy beans and milk from animal sources 2. Incomplete proteins – – Food that does not contain all of the essential AAs e.g. vegetables, grains and nuts Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health Food sources • • • • • • Meat, fish, poultry Whole milk Eggs Cheese Soya beans Are complete proteins – contain essential amino acids Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health What about vegetarians? • Eating foods in combination can allow this complete protein to be available, e.g. baked beans on wholemeal toast Area of study 1: Understanding Australia’s health Unit 3: Australia’s health