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CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage: Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage 1 = DNA 2 = protein coat 3 = tail fiber 4 4 = tail #2 Which Scientist(s) • HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa • HINT 2: worked as a team • HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme or one-gene-one-protein • ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum (F) #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: stole the Photo 51 • HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize • ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G) #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked with animal sperm • HINT 2: a hottie • HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts even • ANSWER: Chargaff (D) #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: 1920’s • HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S strains • HINT 3: Found hereditary transformation • ANSWER: Frederick Griffith (B) #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51 • HINT 3: a woman • ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin (A) #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside • HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure • ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E) #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material • HINT 2: used bacteriophages • HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and phosphorus • ANSWER: Hershey and Chase (C) #2 Which scientist(s)? • HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material • HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge • HINT 3: bald • ANSWER: Avery (H) •SHUT YOUR PIE HOLE! #3 Name ways RNA is different from DNA: • 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose in DNA • 2. DNA A-T C-G RNA A-U C-G • 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of Double in DNA • 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus, DNA must stay in nucleus • 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide? • ANSWER: –sugar –Phosphate –Nitrogenous base (remember the song) EXTRA: What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA – DNA) • G-A-T-T-G-A-C-C-T-C-G–G • ANSWER: • C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA) • G-A-T-T-G-A-C-C-T-C-G–G • ANSWER: • C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C #4 Identify the DNA parts: A B C D E #4 Identify the DNA parts A PHOSPHATE B Deoxyribose Sugar Covalent bond C Nitrogenous Bases (A-T-C-G) D Hydrogen Bond Nucleotide = sugar, phosphate, base #5 Which process? • Does DNA copy itself? • ANSWER: Replication (A) • Is the movement of tRNA from A to P site on the ribosome? • ANSWER: Translocation (B) #5 Which process? • Codes DNA to mRNA? • ANSWER? Transcription (C) • Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein? • ANSWER: Translation (D) #5 What happens at the P and A sites of a ribosome during translation? • A = amino acid is dropped off • P = polypeptide builds • Process is translocation (B) #6 Which enzyme? • Unwinds DNA from its spiral • ANSWER: Topoisomerase (B) #6 Which enzyme? • Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication) • ANSWER: Helicase (D) #6 Which enzyme? • Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading • ANSWER: DNA polymerase (C) #6 Which enzyme? • Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand • ANSWER: Ligase (A) #6 Which enzyme? • Adds RNA nucleotide primers • ANSWER: Primase (E) #6 Which enzyme? • Makes RNA’s • ANSWER: RNA polymerase (G) #7 Which is a physical or chemical agent that causes mutations? • • • • A. mutagen B. mutagenesis C. mutation D. reading frame • ANSWER: A mutagen #7 Which is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA? • • • • A. Mutagenesis B. mutation C. mutagen D. reading frame • ANSWER: B mutation Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth of scaly macules and papules Tree Man Pictures • Before and After Images : Tree Man : Discovery Health #7 Which is the triplet grouping (a mutation can alter it to shift) • • • • A. mutation B. mutagenesis C. mutagen D. reading frame • ANSWER: D reading frame ADD What is a HOX gene? They produce genes that share those that control: (WHICH) A. eye development B. Cancer C. Body plan D. hair development ADD What is a HOX gene? They produce genes that share Body plan control C #8 What are some examples of mutagens? UV Rays pesticides cigarettes X-rays #9 What is polyploidy? N 2N 4N #9 What is polyploidy? multiple sets of chromosomes EX: 4N, 5N Usually beneficial for plants #10 Operon (group of genes working together) • Promoter (start)– latches on to the beginning enzyme • Operator (controller)– attaches on to repressor, can stop or allow the protein production • Repressor (brake)– binds to operator to stop production #10 Operon • • VCAC: Molecular Processes: Lac Operon: The Movie The lac Operon • HERE http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/animation_quiz_-_the_tryptophan_repressor.html • Lac Operon Animation (no sound) ALSO: What is NOT part of an operon? • • • • Operator Terminator Promoter Repressor • ANSWER: terminator #11 What amino acid is mRNA codon: UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC UGG 11. What amino acid is mRNA codon: Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt #12 What codon is the START CODON? 12. What amino acid is START codon: AUG #12 What are the three STOP CODONS? • ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA • (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart) What amino acid is mRNA codon: UGG tryptophan # 12 How many? • Different amino acids are there? • ANSWER: 20 #13 How many subunits make up a ribosome? • A. one • B. two • C. Three • D. Four 13. ANSWER: Ribosome = two subunits Made of rRNA (ribosomal) + protein #14 What are the 3 bases? • A. Codon • B. Anticodon • C. Triplet #14 What are the 3 bases? Codon • For mRNA • B. Anticodon • For tRNA • C. Triplet • For DNA • A. What does a tRNA carry? • A. codon • B. triplet • C. amino acid • D. ribosome • ANSWER: amino acid #15 Match: • Introns • Are cut and discarded from the primary mRNA • Exons • Leave the nucleus to be coded with tRNA 15. What will the mature mRNA look like? What will the mRNA look like? HINT: introns discarded exons kept and coded 1 2 3 = mature mRNA Just exons #15 What’s the difference? • Between Primary mRNA and mature mRNA? • Primary mRNA = introns + exons • Mature mRNA = only exons #16 What are the 3 types of RNA? • a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino acids) • b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from DNA), and • c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part of ribosome) #16 Matching • CHOICES: tRNA mRNA r RNA • Structural form of ribosome • Codes DNA to mRNA • Brings amino acids to ribosome #16 Matching • Structural form of ribosome • Codes DNA to mRNA • Brings amino acids to ribosome rRNA mRNA tRNA #17 What are the structures? (See worksheet) #18 What type of mutation is this? • ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG • MUTATION: AAACGTAGG • ANSWER: insertion (A) #18 What type of mutation is this? • ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG • MUTATION: AACGAGG • ANSWER: Deletion (T) #18 What type of mutation is this? • ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG • MUTATION: AACGGGAT • ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped) #18 What type of mutation is this? • ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes • AACGTAGG • ATCGGGTCGGA • MUTATION: AACGTATCGGG • TCGGAAGG • ANSWER: Translocation (two nonhomologous chromosomes exchanged) DNA: ESSAY ATT CGG ACT TGA • mRNA sequence? • UAA GCC UGA ACU • tRNA sequence? • AUU • Amino acid sequence? • Stop • (use mRNA codons on chart) CGG ACU alan stop UGA threo mRNA, ribosomes, and polypeptide chains COOL! ADD: A lysogenic infection: • A. joins with the host DNA • B. infects the host, but does not join the host DNA • ANSWER: A • Lytic infection infects the host, but does not join the host DNA