Download CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW - Hudson City School District

CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW
DNA, Protein Synthesis and
Viruses
Label the Parts of the
Bacteriophage:
Label the Parts of the
Bacteriophage
1 = DNA
2 = protein coat
3 = tail fiber
4
4 = tail
#2 Which Scientist(s)
• HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa
• HINT 2: worked as a team
• HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme or
one-gene-one-protein
• ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum (F)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA
structure
• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51
• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize
• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins
(G)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked with animal sperm
• HINT 2: a hottie
• HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts
even
• ANSWER: Chargaff (D)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: 1920’s
• HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus
bacteria R and S strains
• HINT 3: Found hereditary
transformation
• ANSWER: Frederick Griffith (B)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA
structure
• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography
Photo 51
• HINT 3: a woman
• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin
(A)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of
inside
• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA
structure
• ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic
material
• HINT 2: used bacteriophages
• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and
phosphorus
• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase
(C)
#2 Which scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic
material
• HINT 2: separated bacteria into:
carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a
centrifuge
• HINT 3: bald
• ANSWER: Avery (H)
•SHUT
YOUR PIE
HOLE!
#3 Name ways RNA is different
from DNA:
• 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of
Deoxyribose in DNA
• 2. DNA A-T C-G
RNA A-U C-G
• 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of
Double in DNA
• 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus,
DNA must stay in nucleus
• 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot
What three parts of DNA make up
one nucleotide?
• ANSWER:
–sugar
–Phosphate
–Nitrogenous base
(remember the song)
EXTRA: What is the complementary
side of this DNA strand? (DNA –
DNA)
• G-A-T-T-G-A-C-C-T-C-G–G
• ANSWER:
• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C
What is the complementary mRNA
strand? (DNA – mRNA)
• G-A-T-T-G-A-C-C-T-C-G–G
• ANSWER:
• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C
#4 Identify the DNA parts:
A
B
C
D
E
#4 Identify the DNA parts
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
Covalent
bond
C Nitrogenous Bases
(A-T-C-G)
D Hydrogen Bond
Nucleotide = sugar,
phosphate, base
#5 Which process?
• Does DNA copy itself?
• ANSWER: Replication (A)
• Is the movement of tRNA from A to P
site on the ribosome?
• ANSWER: Translocation (B)
#5 Which process?
• Codes DNA to mRNA?
• ANSWER? Transcription (C)
• Codes mRNA to tRNA and
protein?
• ANSWER: Translation (D)
#5 What happens at the P and A
sites of a ribosome during
translation?
• A = amino acid is dropped
off
• P = polypeptide builds
• Process is translocation (B)
#6 Which enzyme?
• Unwinds DNA from its spiral
• ANSWER: Topoisomerase (B)
#6 Which enzyme?
• Separates the 2 DNA strands
(breaks H bonds for replication)
• ANSWER: Helicase (D)
#6 Which enzyme?
• Adds nucleotides to DNA for
elongation and also for
proofreading
• ANSWER: DNA polymerase (C)
#6 Which enzyme?
• Binds Okazaki fragments in
the lagging strand
• ANSWER: Ligase (A)
#6 Which enzyme?
• Adds RNA nucleotide
primers
• ANSWER: Primase (E)
#6 Which enzyme?
• Makes RNA’s
• ANSWER: RNA polymerase (G)
#7 Which is a physical or chemical
agent that causes mutations?
•
•
•
•
A. mutagen
B. mutagenesis
C. mutation
D. reading frame
• ANSWER: A mutagen
#7 Which is any change in the
nucleotide sequence of DNA?
•
•
•
•
A. Mutagenesis
B. mutation
C. mutagen
D. reading frame
• ANSWER: B
mutation
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the
growth of scaly macules and papules
Tree Man Pictures
• Before and After Images : Tree Man :
Discovery Health
#7 Which is the triplet grouping (a
mutation can alter it to shift)
•
•
•
•
A. mutation
B. mutagenesis
C. mutagen
D. reading frame
• ANSWER: D reading frame
ADD What is a HOX gene?
They produce genes
that share those that
control:
(WHICH)
A. eye development
B. Cancer
C. Body plan
D. hair development
ADD What is a HOX gene?
They produce
genes that share
Body plan control
C
#8 What are some examples of
mutagens?
UV Rays
pesticides
cigarettes
X-rays
#9 What is polyploidy?
N
2N
4N
#9 What is polyploidy?
multiple sets of
chromosomes
EX: 4N, 5N
Usually
beneficial for
plants
#10 Operon (group of genes
working together)
• Promoter (start)– latches on to the
beginning enzyme
• Operator (controller)– attaches on
to repressor, can stop or allow the
protein production
• Repressor (brake)– binds to
operator to stop production
#10 Operon
•
•
VCAC: Molecular Processes: Lac Operon: The Movie
The lac Operon
•
HERE http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/animation_quiz_-_the_tryptophan_repressor.html
•
Lac Operon Animation (no sound)
ALSO: What is NOT part of an
operon?
•
•
•
•
Operator
Terminator
Promoter
Repressor
• ANSWER: terminator
#11 What amino acid is mRNA
codon:
UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC
UGG
11. What amino acid is mRNA
codon:
Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt
#12 What codon is the START
CODON?
12. What amino acid is START
codon:
AUG
#12 What are the three STOP
CODONS?
• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
• (you could also figure this out
by looking at the chart)
What amino acid is mRNA codon:
UGG
tryptophan
# 12 How many?
• Different amino acids are
there?
• ANSWER: 20
#13 How many subunits make up a
ribosome?
• A. one
• B. two
• C. Three
• D. Four
13. ANSWER: Ribosome = two
subunits
Made of
rRNA
(ribosomal) +
protein
#14 What are the 3 bases?
• A. Codon
• B. Anticodon
• C. Triplet
#14 What are the 3 bases?
Codon
• For mRNA
• B. Anticodon
• For tRNA
• C. Triplet
• For DNA
• A.
What does a tRNA carry?
• A. codon
• B. triplet
• C. amino acid
• D. ribosome
• ANSWER: amino acid
#15 Match:
• Introns
• Are cut and discarded
from the primary mRNA
• Exons
• Leave the nucleus to be
coded with tRNA
15. What will the mature mRNA
look like?
What will the mRNA look like?
HINT: introns discarded
exons kept and coded
1
2
3
= mature mRNA
Just exons
#15 What’s the difference?
• Between Primary mRNA and mature
mRNA?
• Primary mRNA = introns + exons
• Mature mRNA = only exons
#16 What are the 3 types of RNA?
• a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino
acids)
• b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from
DNA), and
• c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part
of ribosome)
#16 Matching
• CHOICES: tRNA mRNA r RNA
• Structural form of ribosome
• Codes DNA to mRNA
• Brings amino acids to
ribosome
#16 Matching
• Structural form of ribosome
• Codes DNA to mRNA
• Brings amino acids to
ribosome
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
#17 What are the structures?
(See
worksheet)
#18 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG
• ANSWER: insertion (A)
#18 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGAGG
• ANSWER: Deletion (T)
#18 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGGGAT
• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped)
#18 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes
•
AACGTAGG
•
ATCGGGTCGGA
• MUTATION: AACGTATCGGG
•
TCGGAAGG
• ANSWER: Translocation (two
nonhomologous chromosomes exchanged)
DNA:
ESSAY
ATT CGG ACT TGA
• mRNA
sequence?
• UAA GCC UGA ACU
• tRNA
sequence?
• AUU
• Amino acid
sequence?
• Stop
• (use mRNA codons
on chart)
CGG ACU
alan stop
UGA
threo
mRNA, ribosomes, and
polypeptide chains
COOL!
ADD: A lysogenic infection:
• A. joins with the host DNA
• B. infects the host, but does not join the
host DNA
• ANSWER: A
• Lytic infection infects the host, but does
not join the host DNA