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Active Lecture Questions
CHAPTER
24
Nutrition,
Metabolism,
and Body
Temperature
Regulation
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The majority of the food we ingest is
ultimately _________.
a. converted to fat
b. burned to produce oxygen
c. used to synthesize ATP
d. stored in the stomach
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A(n) ______ nutrient is one that the body
cannot synthesize rapidly enough to be
useful.
a. regulatory
b. essential
c. endemic
d. caloric
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It is possible for vegetarians to obtain
complete proteins by combining ______ and
______.
a. bread; vitamins
b. fats; pasta
c. legumes; cereal grains
d. milk; sugar
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The major metabolic function for most
vitamins is that they assist enzymes by
serving as _________.
a. sources of ATP
b. active sites
c. substrates
d. coenzymes
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In general metabolic terms, food digestion
is a form of ______, while building new
protein molecules is a form of ______.
a. metabolism; cellular respiration
b. anabolism; catabolism
c. cellular respiration; metabolism
d. catabolism; anabolism
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What is the true function of molecular
oxygen acquired by the lungs?
a. O2 catalyzes the breaking of bonds in the
glucose molecule.
b. O2 catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.
c. O2 serves as the final electron acceptor for
the oxidation of food molecules.
d. O2 drives energy dependent processes in
our cells.
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From what process is energy derived to
drive the ATP synthase enzyme in the
mitochondria?
a. Hydrogen ions are pumped into the
intermembrane space of the mitochondria.
b. Hydrogen ions flow down their
concentration gradient through the ATP
synthase enzyme into the matrix.
c. Hydrogen ion flow powers ATP synthase
to phosphorylate ADP.
d. All of the above are true.
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Predict what would happen to ATP
production if a virus pierced holes in the
inner mitochondrial membrane.
a. ATP production would be unchanged because
the actual enzymes would not be affected.
b. ATP production would increase 10 times
because more H+ could flow back into the
matrix.
c. ATP production would decrease because a
hydrogen ion gradient could not be established.
d. ATP production would decrease because the
virus destroyed the ATP synthase enzymes.
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Which of the following processes would be
likely to occur in the skeletal muscle cells of
a sprinter?
a. Glycolysis
b. Oxidative phosphorylation
c. The Krebs cycle
d. Lactic acid oxidation to pyruvic acid
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Which of the following nutrients can enter
the Krebs cycle?
a. Glucose
b. Amino acids
c. Pyruvic acid
d. Both b and c
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Why don’t the electrons carried by NADH in
the cytosol generate as many ATP as the
electrons carried by NADH in the
mitochondrial matrix?
a. There aren’t as many electrons in the cytosol.
b. The cytosolic electrons must be shuttled to the
matrix at a loss of energy.
c. The cytosolic electrons are transported to a
different ATP synthase that is less efficient.
d. They are smaller electrons.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
The process whereby excess glucose is
stored in cells is called ______.
a. glycogenesis
b. glycogenolysis
c. gluconeogenesis
d. glycolysis
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For a marathon runner, what benefit is there
to eating a diet of 75% carbohydrates and
reducing the workout for 3 to 4 days before
competition?
a. Muscle cells will increase the total amount
of protein.
b. The extra carbohydrates are stored as fat.
c. The muscle cells will store higher-thannormal levels of glycogen.
d. The muscle cells will store higher than
normal amounts of ATP.
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Why isn’t it sufficient to reduce only dietary
fat intake to prevent new fatty deposits from
forming in the body?
a. Because ketone bodies form when fat
intake is insufficient.
b. Acetyl CoA, an intermediate in glucose
metabolism, is also the starting point for
fatty acid synthesis.
c. Because muscle gets converted to fat.
d. Because cholesterol gets converted to fat.
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Which of the following molecules is
produced in the process of detoxifying
harmful ammonia?
a. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid
b. Amine
c. Urea
d. Keto acids
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What is the primary process by which
insulin is released after ingesting a meal?
a. Insulin is secreted in direct response to
blood glucose.
b. The brain sends a hormone to the
pancreas to stimulate insulin release.
c. Insulin release is constant.
d. The vagus nerve innervates the pancreas
and upon food ingestion fires action
potentials that stimulate insulin secretion.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the primary objective during the
postabsorptive state?
a. To collect and remove glucose from the
blood and deposit it in cells
b. To convert fat to protein
c. To maintain blood glucose at around 70–
110 mg/100 ml blood
d. To elevate blood glucose to the highest
possible level to ensure adequate delivery
to the brain
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Where are the two primary sources of
glucose during the postabsorptive state?
a. Greater omentum and subcutaneous layer
b. Stomach and intestine
c. Liver and skeletal muscle
d. Brain and skin
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Hyperglycemic hormones include glucagon
and ______.
a. insulin
b. epinephrine
c. GIP
d. aldosterone
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About ______ of the body’s required
cholesterol is dietary.
a. 50%
b. 85%
c. 15%
d. 100%
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Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
considered “good”?
a. The cholesterol transported by HDLs is
destined for destruction.
b. HDLs transport cholesterol to the
peripheral tissues for biosynthesis of
steroid hormones.
c. HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose
tissue.
d. HDLs are actually considered “bad”
cholesterol.
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Heat is produced internally by __________.
a. friction between body parts
b. breaking of bonds within ATP
c. muscle contraction
d. all of the above
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Which of the following structures is
responsible for feeding behavior?
a. pituitary
b. medulla
c. pons
d. hypothalamus
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Which of the following factors is
responsible for regulation of food intake?
a. Hormones such as leptin or NPY
b. Body temperature
c. Psychological factors
d. All of the above
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The basal metabolic rate can most
effectively be defined as the __________.
a. lowest point of energy used by the body
b. amount of energy needed to maintain life
c. maximal energy used by the body
d. energy required to digest a meal
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Which of the following has the greatest
effect on the BMR?
a. Body surface area
b. Muscle mass
c. Fitness level
d. Gender
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Of the following heat-promoting
mechanisms, which appears to be most
effective in adults?
a. Constriction of cutaneous vessels
b. Shivering
c. Increased metabolic rate
d. Thyroxine secretion
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