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By: Mrs. Agosta, Mrs. Hassett and Ms. Pojer Founder of Islam in the 7th century C.E. in Mecca. He is the “Seal of the prophets” (the last prophet.) Led the fight against idolatry and polytheism. LET’S REVIEW! • Polytheism- belief in many gods • Monotheism- belief in one god Major Rules of Islam 1. Declaration (or Profession) of Faith Sahada shows monotheism Rejects Idolatry- worship of statues and idols DON’T WRITE There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. 2. Prayer Salat A. Must pray 5x a day B. Facing Mecca- holiest city C. Recite from the Koran (Qur’an) or sacred text D. Muslims worship in a Mosque on Fridays DON’T WRITE Prayers performed at: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed WRITE A Muezzin calls Muslims to prayer from the Minaret or tower at the corner of the mosque. DON’T WRITE • One must wash before praying. • One must prayer on a prayer rug or a clean space. 3. Almsgiving Zakat means Charity You should anonymously donate 2.5% of your income. 4. Fasting Sawm No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. For self-purification and shows devotion to Allah DON’T WRITE Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday. Ramadan takes place at a different time each year because it is based on the lunar calendar. 5. Pilgrimage Hajj (Hadj) Religious journey to Mecca done at least once in a lifetime. The Kaaba- the most revered (honored) shrine in Mecca built by Abraham Muslims circle it during hajj DON’T WRITE In Mecca all pilgrims wear white robes to symbolize their equality in the eyes of god. Only Muslims are welcome in Mecca. Sacred text: The Koran (Qur’an) The Sharia are Islamic laws in the Koran. It shows how to live. KORAN DO’S AND DON’TS FORBIDDEN: Drinking alcohol Eating pork Gambling Worship of idols REQUIRED: Honor your parents Protect women and children Other holy cities in Islam: Medina DON’T WRITE Muhammed fled there from Mecca. This is called the hijra, which is the beginning of the Muslim calendar Meccan merchants sought to kill Muhammad for clearing the Kaaba of idols (He was bad for business). In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Medina. This was a turning point for Islam; Muslim converts in Medina welcomed Muhammad, and the religion grew. Jerusalem- Dome of the Rock Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended to heaven. Sects of Islam • Sunni • Shia or Shi’ite DON’T WRITE Sunnis believe any Muslim can be caliph or religious leader. Orthodox (stricter) form of Islam. Shia believe only direct descendants of Muhammed can be caliph. DON’T WRITE View of Women • The Koran protects women but men’s interpretation of Koran changed things. • In many Muslim countries, women must be veiled when they leave the house in Muslim countries. Muslim Women in Burkas Muslim Women in Head Scarves What’s the difference between Muslim women in burkas and the way Christian nuns dress? Jihad • Struggle against evil. • Some radical Muslim extremists use this idea to justify fighting a “holy war.” Islam has JudeoChristian Foundations Muslims are strict monotheists. They believe in the same God as Jews and Christians. Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Muslims call Jews and Christians “People of the Book” The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad Abraham’s Genealogy HAGAR ABRAHAM Ishmael SARAH Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob Esau 12 Tribes of Israel The Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610. 622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.) Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death. The Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God. 114 suras (chapters). In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic. Other Islamic Religious Practices Up to four wives allowed at once. No alcohol or pork. No gambling. Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living. Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem. The Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice. No priesthood. Teaches equality. Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes. Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”). The Mosque The Muslim place of worship. Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion? Muslims in the World Today Countries with the Largest Muslim Population 1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000 2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000 3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000 4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000 5. Turkey 66,000,000 * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world. Muslims in America Muslim Culture in NYC The Islamic Center, New York City