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Drug Overview Bell Activity • Do students in the school need more information about drugs? Why or why not? Health Goal # 22 • I will follow guidelines for the safe use of prescription and OTC drugs. Harmful Drugs • Although substances can feel good at first, they can ultimately do a lot of harm to the body and brain. • Drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, taking illegal drugs, and sniffing glue can all cause serious damage to the human body. • Some drugs severely impair a person's ability to make healthy choices and decisions. Why People Take Drugs • Just as there are many kinds of drugs available, there are as many reasons for trying them or starting to use them regularly. • People take drugs just for the pleasure they believe they can bring. • Often it's because someone tried to convince them that drugs would make them feel good or that they'd have a better time if they took them. Why? Cont’d • Some teens believe drugs will help them think better, be more popular, stay more active, or become better athletes. • Others are simply curious and figure one try won't hurt. • Others want to fit in. • A few use drugs to gain attention from their parents. The Truth • Many teens use drugs because they're depressed or think drugs will help them escape their problems. • The truth is, drugs don't solve problems — they simply hide feelings and problems. • When a drug wears off, the feelings and problems remain, or become worse. Drugs can ruin every aspect of a person's life. (6th grade) Drugs to consider for your project • • • • • • • Marijuana Amphetamines Cocaine Alcohol Inhalants Heroin Morphine • Codeine • LSD • PCP Marijuana • A mood altering drug made from the leaves, stems, and flowering tops of the hemp plant. • Usually smoked in hand-rolled cigarettes or in pipes. • Occasionally it is mixed with food. • Effects: Some users feel relaxed and unusually sensitive to sights and sounds, while others may feel sad, fearful, and suspicious. Amphetamines • Stimulant (speeds up the body’s functions) • Were originally developed to treat asthma, sleep disorders (narcolepsy) and hyperactivity. • It appears that the main action of amphetamines is to increase the synaptic activity of the dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitter systems Cocaine • Stimulant • From the plant called Erythroxylon coca, cocaine is a local anesthetic and central nervous system stimulant. It can be taken by chewing on coca leaves, smoked, inhaled ("snorted") or injected. • A dose of between 25 to 150 mg of cocaine is taken when it is inhaled. Within a few seconds to a few minutes after it is taken, cocaine can cause: – – – – a feeling of euphoria excitement reduced hunger a feeling of strength Alcohol • Alcohol is created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented. • Fermentation is a process that uses yeast or bacteria to change the sugars in the food into alcohol. Inhalants • Inhalants are a diverse group of volatile substances whose chemical vapors can be inhaled to produce psychoactive (mindaltering) effects. • While other abused substances can be inhaled, the term “inhalants” is used to describe substances that are rarely, if ever, taken by any other route of administration. Inhalants, cont’d… • • • What Types of Products Are Abused as Inhalants? Inhalants generally fall into the following categories: Volatile solvents—liquids that vaporize at room temperature • Industrial or household products, including paint thinners or removers, degreasers, dry-cleaning fluids, gasoline, and lighter fluid • Art or office supply solvents, including correction fluids, felt-tip marker fluid, electronic contact cleaners, and glue Aerosols—sprays that contain propellants and solvents • • • Household aerosol propellants in items such as spray paints, hair or deodorant sprays, fabric protector sprays, aerosol computer cleaning products, and vegetable oil sprays Gases—found in household or commercial products and used as medical anesthetics • Household or commercial products, including butane lighters and propane tanks, whipped cream aerosols or dispensers (whippets), and refrigerant gases • • Medical anesthetics, such as ether, chloroform, halothane, and nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”) Nitrites—a special class of inhalants that are used primarily as sexual enhancers • Organic nitrites are volatiles that include cyclohexyl, butyl, and amyl nitrites, commonly known as “poppers.” Amyl nitrite is still used in certain diagnostic medical procedures. When marketed for illicit use, organic nitrites are often sold in small brown bottles labeled as “video head cleaner,” “room odorizer,” “leather cleaner,” or “liquid aroma.” Heroin • Heroin is an opiate drug that is synthesized from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of the Asian opium poppy plant. Heroin usually appears as a white or brown powder or as a black sticky substance, known as “black tar heroin.” • Heroin can be injected, snorted/sniffed, or smoked—routes of administration that rapidly deliver the drug to the brain. Morphine • Morphine is in a group of drugs called narcotic pain relievers. • Morphine is used to treat moderate to severe pain. It works by dulling the pain perception center in the brain • Morphine may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Codeine • Narcotic • Codeine is the most widely used, naturally occurring narcotic in medical treatment in the world. • This alkaloid is found in opium in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2.5 percent. • However, most codeine used in the United States is produced from morphine. LSD • Hallucinogen • LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) is one of the most potent mood-changing chemicals. It was discovered in 1938 and is manufactured from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. • LSD is sold in tablets, capsules, and, occasionally, liquid form; thus, it is usually taken orally. LSD is often added to absorbent paper, which is then divided into decorated pieces, each equivalent to one dose. The experiences, often referred to as “trips,” are long; typically, they end after about 12 hours. PCP • PCP, or phencyclidine, is a “dissociative” anesthetic that was developed in the 1950s as a surgical anesthetic. • Its sedative and anesthetic effects are trancelike, and patients experience a feeling of being “out of body” and detached from their environment. • Use of PCP in humans was discontinued in 1965, because it was found that patients often became agitated, delusional, and irrational while recovering from its anesthetic effects. Facts • Alcohol is a DEPRESSANT drug created by a chemical reaction in some foods, especially fruits and grains. • Cirrhosis, which is scarring and destruction of liver tissue, is a long-term effect of alcohol on the liver; liver cancer is another long-term effect. • Signs of alcoholism include (any 3): drinking increasing amounts of alcohol, giving alcohol consumption priority over other activities, drinking alone, experiencing blackouts, experiencing personality changes when drinking, making excuses for drinking, promising but failing to quit, refusing to admit how much one drinks. Closing • Draw a comic scene that discourages drug use. • Must include 8 different boxes (scenes) and commentary (speech bubbles) Lesson 2 Bell Activity • Alcohol is: – A. a drink – B. a drug – C. harmful – D. All of the above Health Goal # 23 • I will not drink alcohol. Alcohol • The oldest and most widely used drug in the world, alcohol is a depressant that alters perceptions, emotions, and senses. Teen Drinking • When people drink alcohol, it's absorbed into their bloodstream. • From there, it affects the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), which controls virtually all body functions. • Because experts now know that the human brain is still developing during our teens, scientists are researching the effects drinking alcohol can have on the teen brain How does it affect the body? • Alcohol is a depressant, which means it slows the function of the central nervous system. • Alcohol actually blocks some of the messages trying to get to the brain. • This alters a person's perceptions, emotions, movement, vision, and hearing Effects & Dangers • Alcohol first acts as a stimulant, and then it makes people feel relaxed and a bit sleepy. • High doses of alcohol seriously affect judgment and coordination. Drinkers may have slurred speech, confusion, depression, short-term memory loss, and slow reaction times. • Large volumes of alcohol drunk in a short period of time may cause alcohol poisoning. Addictiveness • Teens who use alcohol can become psychologically dependent upon it to feel good, deal with life, or handle stress. • In addition, their bodies may demand more and more to achieve the same kind of high experienced in the beginning. Addictiveness Cont’d • Some teens are also at risk of becoming physically addicted to alcohol. Withdrawal from alcohol can be painful and even life threatening. • Symptoms range from shaking, sweating, nausea, anxiety, and depression to hallucinations, fever, and convulsions. Alcohol Poisoning • When large amounts of alcohol are consumed in a short period of time, alcohol poisoning can result. • Alcohol poisoning is exactly what it sounds like — the body has become poisoned by large amounts of alcohol. • Violent vomiting is usually the first symptom of alcohol poisoning. Extreme sleepiness, unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, dangerously low blood sugar, seizures, and even death may result. Why shouldn’t I drink? • The punishment is severe. – Teens who drink put themselves at risk for obvious problems with the law (it's illegal; you can get arrested). Teens who drink are also more likely to get into fights and commit crimes than those who don't. • You can look really stupid. – The impression is that drinking is cool, but the nervous system changes that come from drinking alcohol can make people do stupid or embarrassing things, like throwing up or peeing on themselves. – Drinking also gives people bad breath, and no one enjoys a hangover. • Alcohol puts your health at risk! – The risk of injuring yourself, maybe even fatally, is higher when you're under the influence, too. One half of all drowning deaths among teen guys are related to alcohol use. Use of alcohol greatly increases the chance that a teen will be involved in a car crash, homicide, or suicide. – Teen drinkers are more likely to become overweight or have health problems, too. How can I avoid drinking? • If you're going to a party and you know there will be alcohol, plan your strategy in advance. You and a friend can develop a signal for when it's time to leave, for example. • You can also make sure that you have plans to do something besides just hanging out in someone's basement drinking beer all night. • Plan a trip to the movies, the mall, a concert, or a sports event. You might also organize your friends into a volleyball, bowling, or softball team — any activity that gets you moving. • Girls or guys who have strong self-esteem are less likely to become problem drinkers than people with low self-esteem. What if I’m concerned about someone else’s drinking? • Sometimes people live in homes where a parent or other family member drinks too much. • This may make you angry, scared, and depressed. • Many people can't control their drinking without help. This doesn't mean that they love or care about you any less. • Alcoholism is an illness that needs to be treated just like other illnesses. • People with drinking problems can't stop drinking until they are ready to admit they have a problem and get help. • This can leave family members and loved ones feeling helpless. • The good news is there are many places to turn for help: a supportive adult, such as your guidance counselor, or a relative or older sibling will understand what you're going through. Also, professional organizations like Alateen can help. Assignment • Create a Multi-Flow Map (cause & effect) to show why people 20 and younger choose to drink alcohol and how it negatively impacts their lives. Lesson 3 Bell Activity • True or False: Drugs and alcohol can lead to death. Health Goal # 24 • I will not misuse or abuse drugs. Reality Matters • Reality Matters: Drugs: Deadly Highs