Download Drugs and Alcohol 3 Lessons

Drug Overview
Bell Activity
• Do students in the school need more
information about drugs? Why or why not?
Health Goal # 22
• I will follow guidelines for the safe use of
prescription and OTC drugs.
Harmful Drugs
• Although substances can feel good at first,
they can ultimately do a lot of harm to the
body and brain.
• Drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, taking
illegal drugs, and sniffing glue can all
cause serious damage to the human body.
• Some drugs severely impair a person's
ability to make healthy choices and
decisions.
Why People Take Drugs
• Just as there are many kinds of drugs available,
there are as many reasons for trying them or
starting to use them regularly.
• People take drugs just for the pleasure they
believe they can bring.
• Often it's because someone tried to convince
them that drugs would make them feel good or
that they'd have a better time if they took them.
Why? Cont’d
• Some teens believe drugs will help them
think better, be more popular, stay more
active, or become better athletes.
• Others are simply curious and figure one
try won't hurt.
• Others want to fit in.
• A few use drugs to gain attention from
their parents.
The Truth
• Many teens use drugs because they're
depressed or think drugs will help them
escape their problems.
• The truth is, drugs don't solve problems —
they simply hide feelings and problems.
• When a drug wears off, the feelings and
problems remain, or become worse. Drugs
can ruin every aspect of a person's life.
(6th grade) Drugs to consider for
your project
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Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Alcohol
Inhalants
Heroin
Morphine
• Codeine
• LSD
• PCP
Marijuana
• A mood altering drug made from the leaves,
stems, and flowering tops of the hemp plant.
• Usually smoked in hand-rolled cigarettes or in
pipes.
• Occasionally it is mixed with food.
• Effects: Some users feel relaxed and
unusually sensitive to sights and sounds,
while others may feel sad, fearful, and
suspicious.
Amphetamines
• Stimulant (speeds up the body’s functions)
• Were originally developed to treat asthma,
sleep disorders (narcolepsy) and
hyperactivity.
• It appears that the main action of
amphetamines is to increase the synaptic
activity of the dopamine and
norepinephrine neurotransmitter systems
Cocaine
• Stimulant
• From the plant called Erythroxylon coca, cocaine is a
local anesthetic and central nervous system stimulant. It
can be taken by chewing on coca leaves, smoked,
inhaled ("snorted") or injected.
• A dose of between 25 to 150 mg of cocaine is taken
when it is inhaled. Within a few seconds to a few minutes
after it is taken, cocaine can cause:
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a feeling of euphoria
excitement
reduced hunger
a feeling of strength
Alcohol
• Alcohol is created when grains, fruits, or
vegetables are fermented.
• Fermentation is a process that uses yeast
or bacteria to change the sugars in the
food into alcohol.
Inhalants
• Inhalants are a diverse group of volatile
substances whose chemical vapors can
be inhaled to produce psychoactive (mindaltering) effects.
• While other abused substances can be
inhaled, the term “inhalants” is used to
describe substances that are rarely, if
ever, taken by any other route of
administration.
Inhalants, cont’d…
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What Types of Products Are Abused as Inhalants?
Inhalants generally fall into the following categories:
Volatile solvents—liquids that vaporize at room temperature
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Industrial or household products, including paint thinners or removers, degreasers, dry-cleaning fluids,
gasoline, and lighter fluid
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Art or office supply solvents, including correction fluids, felt-tip marker fluid, electronic contact
cleaners, and glue
Aerosols—sprays that contain propellants and solvents
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Household aerosol propellants in items such as spray paints, hair or deodorant sprays, fabric
protector sprays, aerosol computer cleaning products, and vegetable oil sprays
Gases—found in household or commercial products and used as medical anesthetics
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Household or commercial products, including butane lighters and propane tanks, whipped cream
aerosols or dispensers (whippets), and refrigerant gases
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Medical anesthetics, such as ether, chloroform, halothane, and nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”)
Nitrites—a special class of inhalants that are used primarily as sexual enhancers
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Organic nitrites are volatiles that include cyclohexyl, butyl, and amyl nitrites, commonly known as
“poppers.” Amyl nitrite is still used in certain diagnostic medical procedures. When marketed for illicit
use, organic nitrites are often sold in small brown bottles labeled as “video head cleaner,” “room
odorizer,” “leather cleaner,” or “liquid aroma.”
Heroin
• Heroin is an opiate drug that is synthesized from
morphine, a naturally occurring substance
extracted from the seed pod of the Asian opium
poppy plant. Heroin usually appears as a white
or brown powder or as a black sticky substance,
known as “black tar heroin.”
• Heroin can be injected, snorted/sniffed, or
smoked—routes of administration that rapidly
deliver the drug to the brain.
Morphine
• Morphine is in a group of drugs called
narcotic pain relievers.
• Morphine is used to treat moderate to
severe pain. It works by dulling the pain
perception center in the brain
• Morphine may be habit-forming and
should be used only by the person it was
prescribed for.
Codeine
• Narcotic
• Codeine is the most widely used, naturally
occurring narcotic in medical treatment in
the world.
• This alkaloid is found in opium in
concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2.5
percent.
• However, most codeine used in the United
States is produced from morphine.
LSD
• Hallucinogen
• LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) is one of the most
potent mood-changing chemicals. It was discovered in
1938 and is manufactured from lysergic acid, which is
found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other
grains.
• LSD is sold in tablets, capsules, and, occasionally, liquid
form; thus, it is usually taken orally. LSD is often added
to absorbent paper, which is then divided into decorated
pieces, each equivalent to one dose. The experiences,
often referred to as “trips,” are long; typically, they end
after about 12 hours.
PCP
• PCP, or phencyclidine, is a “dissociative”
anesthetic that was developed in the 1950s as a
surgical anesthetic.
• Its sedative and anesthetic effects are trancelike, and patients experience a feeling of being
“out of body” and detached from their
environment.
• Use of PCP in humans was discontinued in
1965, because it was found that patients often
became agitated, delusional, and irrational while
recovering from its anesthetic effects.
Facts
• Alcohol is a DEPRESSANT drug created by a
chemical reaction in some foods, especially fruits and
grains.
• Cirrhosis, which is scarring and destruction of liver
tissue, is a long-term effect of alcohol on the liver; liver
cancer is another long-term effect.
• Signs of alcoholism include (any 3): drinking
increasing amounts of alcohol, giving alcohol
consumption priority over other activities, drinking
alone, experiencing blackouts, experiencing
personality changes when drinking, making excuses
for drinking, promising but failing to quit, refusing to
admit how much one drinks.
Closing
• Draw a comic scene that discourages drug
use.
• Must include 8 different boxes (scenes)
and commentary (speech bubbles)
Lesson 2 Bell Activity
• Alcohol is:
– A. a drink
– B. a drug
– C. harmful
– D. All of the above
Health Goal # 23
• I will not drink alcohol.
Alcohol
• The oldest and most widely used drug in
the world, alcohol is a depressant that
alters perceptions, emotions, and senses.
Teen Drinking
• When people drink alcohol, it's absorbed into
their bloodstream.
• From there, it affects the central nervous system
(the brain and spinal cord), which controls
virtually all body functions.
• Because experts now know that the human brain
is still developing during our teens, scientists are
researching the effects drinking alcohol can
have on the teen brain
How does it affect the body?
• Alcohol is a depressant, which means it
slows the function of the central nervous
system.
• Alcohol actually blocks some of the
messages trying to get to the brain.
• This alters a person's perceptions,
emotions, movement, vision, and hearing
Effects & Dangers
• Alcohol first acts as a stimulant, and then it
makes people feel relaxed and a bit sleepy.
• High doses of alcohol seriously affect judgment
and coordination. Drinkers may have slurred
speech, confusion, depression, short-term
memory loss, and slow reaction times.
• Large volumes of alcohol drunk in a short period
of time may cause alcohol poisoning.
Addictiveness
• Teens who use alcohol can become
psychologically dependent upon it to feel
good, deal with life, or handle stress.
• In addition, their bodies may demand
more and more to achieve the same kind
of high experienced in the beginning.
Addictiveness Cont’d
• Some teens are also at risk of becoming
physically addicted to alcohol. Withdrawal
from alcohol can be painful and even life
threatening.
• Symptoms range from shaking, sweating,
nausea, anxiety, and depression to
hallucinations, fever, and convulsions.
Alcohol Poisoning
• When large amounts of alcohol are consumed in
a short period of time, alcohol poisoning can
result.
• Alcohol poisoning is exactly what it sounds like
— the body has become poisoned by large
amounts of alcohol.
• Violent vomiting is usually the first symptom of
alcohol poisoning. Extreme sleepiness,
unconsciousness, difficulty breathing,
dangerously low blood sugar, seizures, and
even death may result.
Why shouldn’t I drink?
• The punishment is severe.
– Teens who drink put themselves at risk for
obvious problems with the law (it's illegal; you
can get arrested). Teens who drink are also
more likely to get into fights and commit
crimes than those who don't.
• You can look really stupid.
– The impression is that drinking is cool, but the
nervous system changes that come from
drinking alcohol can make people do stupid or
embarrassing things, like throwing up or
peeing on themselves.
– Drinking also gives people bad breath, and
no one enjoys a hangover.
• Alcohol puts your health at risk!
– The risk of injuring yourself, maybe even
fatally, is higher when you're under the
influence, too. One half of all drowning deaths
among teen guys are related to alcohol use.
Use of alcohol greatly increases the chance
that a teen will be involved in a car crash,
homicide, or suicide.
– Teen drinkers are more likely to become
overweight or have health problems, too.
How can I avoid drinking?
• If you're going to a party and you know there will
be alcohol, plan your strategy in advance. You
and a friend can develop a signal for when it's
time to leave, for example.
• You can also make sure that you have plans to
do something besides just hanging out in
someone's basement drinking beer all night.
• Plan a trip to the movies, the mall, a concert, or
a sports event. You might also organize your
friends into a volleyball, bowling, or softball team
— any activity that gets you moving.
• Girls or guys who have strong self-esteem are
less likely to become problem drinkers than
people with low self-esteem.
What if I’m concerned about
someone else’s drinking?
• Sometimes people live in homes where a parent
or other family member drinks too much.
• This may make you angry, scared, and
depressed.
• Many people can't control their drinking without
help. This doesn't mean that they love or care
about you any less.
• Alcoholism is an illness that needs to be treated
just like other illnesses.
• People with drinking problems can't stop
drinking until they are ready to admit they
have a problem and get help.
• This can leave family members and loved
ones feeling helpless.
• The good news is there are many places
to turn for help: a supportive adult, such as
your guidance counselor, or a relative or
older sibling will understand what you're
going through. Also, professional
organizations like Alateen can help.
Assignment
• Create a Multi-Flow Map (cause & effect)
to show why people 20 and younger
choose to drink alcohol and how it
negatively impacts their lives.
Lesson 3 Bell Activity
• True or False: Drugs and alcohol can lead
to death.
Health Goal # 24
• I will not misuse or abuse drugs.
Reality Matters
• Reality Matters: Drugs: Deadly Highs