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Under the Influence Unit 3 Lesson 6 Objective • Explore the effects of drugs and alcohol on consciousness. • Differentiate between substance abuse and dependence. Warm Up • Identify one common characteristic of a hypnotic state. Just Say No! • Psychoactive Drugs – Affect our N.S. and alter states of consciousness, sensation & perception, emotions & motivation, and thoughts. • Licit (legal) • Illicit (illegal) Psychopharmacology • Study of psychoactive drugs and their effects on behavior & mental processes. How Drugs “Work” • Alter interaction b/t neurotransmitters & receptors – Agonists bind to receptors, mimic effects of normal neurotransmitters – Antagonists bind to receptors, prevent normal neurotransmitters from binding. • Others increase or decrease release of specific • neurotransmitters Cross the blood-brain barrier & enter brain tissues. Faces of Addiction • 20 cigars a day • Age 38, irregular • • • heartbeat Age 67, mouth cancer Age 79, 33 operations took away most of his jaw, barely able to swallow and talk. Age 83, death Important Terms • Abuse – Continued use even though it’s causing or compounding problems in daily life. • Addiction – Overwhelming and compulsive desire to obtain and use the drug Important Terms • Tolerance – Increasingly larger doses needed to achieve the desired effect. Important Terms • Dependency – Change in the nervous system so person physically needs to take the drug or else… • Withdrawal – Painful physical symptoms that occur when a drugdependent person stops using the drug Risking Addiction Why risk it? • Curiosity • Peer Pressure • Parental Use • Rebelliousness • Escape • Self-Handicapping • Scapegoat Risking Addiction Your risk for addiction depends on lots of things: • Personality • Genetic makeup • Family history • Coping skills • Drug of choice Major Mood Changers (Handout) • Stimulants • Depressants • Narcotics • Hallucinogens • Marijuana • Inhalents Alcohol & The Brain • 1-2 Drinks: – frontal cortex = relaxed, outgoing, happy • 3-4 Drinks: – motor cortex = slowed speech, tipsy body movement • 5-6 Drinks: – occipital lobe = blurred vision • 7+ Drinks: – Brainstem = vital functions slow • Binge Drinking = vital functions stop… Activity • Alcohol & The Teen Brain – A Webquest providing you the info to “make informed decisions” http://fuspsych.wikispaces.com/States+of+Consciousness Alcohol Affects Teens Differently Than Adults • Adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to many effects of alcohol – Memory, brain damage, altered brain development, driving skills, long-term cognitive deficits • Less vulnerable to others – Sedation (sleepiness), loss of balance, hangovers Alcohol Affects Teens Differently Than Adults • What This Means… – First, since they're not as sleepy, they may consume more alcohol, resulting in greater mental impairment. – Second, they may be more likely to engage in activities that put them at risk, such as driving a car (dvp frontal lobe) Alcohol & Memory • Alcohol has a powerful impact on the ability to form new memories, particularly for facts and events (hippocampus) • Drinking too much, too fast can cause blackouts – missing memories for events that occur while drunk – Different from passing out: falling asleep from drinking too much, drinking oneself unconscious • Blackouts are frighteningly common among adolescents and can encompass events ranging from driving a car to engaging in unprotected intercourse – Females seem particularly vulnerable to blackouts and are more likely to be harmed by the experiences! Alcohol & Memory • As seen in the following ad, the industry is well aware that its products can shut down memory function! Closure • Should the drinking age be lowered to 18?