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26-2: Aldehydes and Ketones Same functional group for both… The carbonyl (C=O) Aldehydes Carbonyl is at the end of a hydrocarbon chain; is also bonded to a hydrogen General formula: R-CH=O (or R-CHO) Naming: 1. 2. Add –al to root name of the longest hydrocarbon chain. Name branch, giving address. Ketones Carbonyl is in the middle of a hydrocarbon chain General formula: _____ (or R-CORl) Naming: 1. 2. 3. Add –one to root word of the longest hydrocarbon chain. Give address of carbonyl carbon. Name branch, giving address. Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Carbonyl causes increased polarity, causing stronger intermolecular forces with higher boiling and melting points. No hydrogen bonding occurs, so they have lower boiling points than alcohols. Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones Methanal (formaldehyde) is used in polymer making; once used to preserve specimens – is a known carcinogen. Propanone (acetone) is a common solvent. It is in used fingernail polish remover. Many are used as flavorings in food and candy, due to tastes and fragrances (vanilla and cinnamon).