Download 26-3: Carboxylic Acids and Esters

26-3: Carboxylic Acids
and Esters
Carboxylic Acids
(Organic Acids)
• Functional group: carboxyl (combines
carbonyl and hydroxyl) _______
• General formula: _____ or R-COOH
Naming Carboxylic Acids
•
IUPAC
1. Name longest hydrocarbon chain, add
“-oic acid” to root word.
2. Name any branches as necessary.
Properties of Carboxylic
Acids
• Long chain carboxylic acids are known
as fatty acids.
• Very polar; soluble in water.
• Undergo hydrogen bonding,
therefore higher boiling points.
Esters
• Functional group: __________
• General formula: ____ (R-COOR)
• Formed from rxn of an alcohol and a
carboxylic acid.
Naming Esters
• Based on the alcohol and carboxylic
acid it formed from.
• Change the name of the alcohol to
end in –yl.
• Take the name of the acid and add
“–oate” to it (if IUPAC) or “-ate” (if
common.
Ester examples
• Ester formed by reacting ethanol and
propanoic acid.
– Ethyl propanoate
• Ester formed by reacting formic acid
and propanol.
– Propyl formate
Properties of Esters
• Polar, but do not form hydrogen
bonds. Therefore, boiling points are
lower than alcohols or acids.
• Have very distinctive fragrances (ex:
orange, banana, apple, wintergreen,
rum, pineapple)