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Electric Current Electric Current • Electric current- The flow of electrons through a wire or any conductor. • Measured in units of Amperes (A) • Different from static electricity because it lasts longer • Charges flow from High voltage to Low voltage • Voltage difference- push that causes charges to move- measured in volts (V) • For charges to flow, the wire must always be connected in a closed path, or circuit Electrical Circuits • Less resistance means less heat, which is safer for use in your home • Ohm’s law- current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance. • As resistance increases, current decreases • As voltage difference increases, current increases Electrical Circuits • Series circuit- current has only one loop to flow through • Parallel circuit- current has more than one loop to flow through • Magnetic fields form around wires through which electricity is moving • Electromagnet- a temporary magnet made by placing a piece of iron inside a current-carrying loop of wire • More loops = stronger • More voltage = stronger • Only works for DC current Resistance • All materials have some electrical resistance. • Resistance is measured in Ohms (Ω) • Making wires thinner, longer, or hotter increases the resistance Electrical Circuits • Circuits rely on generators at power plants to produce a voltage difference across the outlet, causing the charge to Flow when the circuit is complete • Series Circuit- the current has only one path to flow through Series Circuits Series circuit • The parts of a series circuit are wired one after another, so the amount of current is the same through every part • Open Circuit- if any part of the circuit is disconnected, no current flows • Example- old style Christmas lights • Voltage Source Wire- conductor Load- like a bulb Switch Parallel Circuit • Parallel Circuit- contains two or more paths for the current to move through Parallel Circuits • Individual parts can be opened without affecting the entire circuit • Like the lights in your house • Household circuits are parallel circuits • Each branch receives 120 V from the electric company • Electrical energy enters your home at the circuit breaker or fuse box and branches out to wall sockets, major appliances, and lights Circuits • Guards against overheating electric wires: • Fuses- contain a small piece of metal that melts if the current becomes too high, opening the circuit and stopping the flow of current • Circuit breakers- contain a small piece of metal that bends when it gets hot, opening the circuit and stopping the current