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Inductors Inductance • Electrons in motion create electromagnetic fields – Recall from previous section that electrons in motion also create an electrostatic field • The electromagnetic field can be intensified by making a loop in the wire • A device which creates an electromagnetic field is called an inductor Inductors Schematic symbol for inductor or coil Inductance • The unit of measure of inductance is henry • The inductor is an electromagnet • One use of the inductor is in relays to operate a switch • Another use is in the construction of electric motors Relays Contacts Relays 12 volts 760 volts M Relays M Relays M Inductors Inductors Inductors • Three factors affecting inductance – Nature of the coil • • • • Size Diameter of conductor Number of turns Length – Current flow – Presence of materials within the magnetic field Variable Inductor Inductors • When current is turned off from electromagnet, the electromagnetic field collapses back to the coil • There is a charge or current present on the inductor • Electromagnetic energy is stored in inductors • Inductors are used to convert AC to DC Inductors Inductor Capacitor 10 volts 0 volts “on” “on” “off” Time “off” Inductors • Energy is expended in forming electromagnetic field • Inductors resist current flow – electrons resist flow • Impedance is reluctance in a coil • Three factors affecting inductance also affect impedance Transformers • Transformers are constructed from two inductors or coils in close proximity to one another • Just like capacitors, current can be induced to flow in the secondary coil if enough current flows through the primary • Transformers are used to increase or decrease current flow and/or voltage Transformers Primary Secondary Transformers • Step up transformers have more turns in the secondary coil and increase output • Step down transformers have fewer turns in the secondary and decrease output • Isolating transformers have same number of turns in both coils and neither decrease nor increase output – but isolate two segments of a circuit Transformers