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Space Charge Measurement in Polymeric Insulation under AC Conditions Z. Xu, J. Zhao and G. Chen University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Introduction The space charge study under AC condition is limited because there are many factors which can affect the results such as varying magnitude of the sinusoidal voltage, charge injection/extraction due to the polarity reversal, material degradation, the measurement intervals, etc. PEA technique is already widely used in the space charge measurement. It utilises the interaction between high voltage pulse and the charge layer in the insulation to produce the acoustic pressure waves. The new system gives an essential way to examine the role of space charge in electrical aging process under AC conditions. There are two features with the improved PEA system: 1) a pulse generator with a 3kHz repetition rate is utilized to reduce the measurement time; 2)The Eclipse data acquisition system is used to achieve the high data acquisition rate, the faster acquisition the better representation of charge dynamics. Measurement system control System setup Old system: • Mechanical switch pulse generator (500Hz, 2ns pulse width, up to 600V pulse); • GPIB card data transferring; • P.O.W control. Induced charge on top electrode Amplitude N average pulses Next point Next point Time GPIB cable Function Generator PC High voltage Trek power amplifier 2nd point N averges Digital Oscilloscope Pulse generator 0 o 45 o 90 o o o 135 180 o 225 270 o o 315 360 1st point N averges Pulses 3rd point N averges mth point N averges PEA measurement cell Improved system: • • • HTS transistor switch pulse generator (3kHZ, 5ns width, up to 4kV pulse); The Eclipse signal average console( 2GHz effective sampling rate); PCI data transferring. TTL from Function Generator to trigger the HP 8082A pulse generator (2kHZ, 4V) AC voltage waveform (a) Sine waveform from the Function Generator to the Amplifier (10Hz, Time offset to suit the total delay time of the pulse generator) (b) for DC measurement PC STP5 cable T/200 BNC cable T/m TTL trigger enable in Trigger out (m: the point number defined to measured in one cycle) Eclipse Digital Signal Averager HP Pulse Generator t T/2 T/4 Pulse from HP 8082A Pulse generator, go to the “trigger enable in” of the Eclipse (400ns width, 2kHz, 4V ) (c) HV-Pulse generator The HV Pulse apply to PEA cell, Trigged by the Eclipse PEA signal Pulse from Eclispe trigger output (60ns width, 2kHz, 2.5V) (d) PEA measurement Cell DC Supply Pulse from FET switch HV Pulse generator (5ns width, 2kHz, 500V-4kv ) HV pulse N Pulses applied at the defined measurement point t (e) Time for AC Measurement GPIB cable PC Function Generator STP5 cable BNC cable TTL trigger enable in Trigger out Eclipse Digital Signal Averager HP Pulse Generator HV-Pulse generator PEA signal High Voltage Trek power amplifier PEA measurement Cell HV pulse Result and Discussions 30 10 40 0° 180° 30 45° 225° 90° 270° 135° 315° 5 10 0 51 101 151 201 251 301 -10 -20 Charge Density (C/m3) 3 Charge Density (C/m) 20 1 Results measured from the new system (ƒac=50Hz, ƒpulse=500Hz, Vpp=8kV) Results measured from the new system (decay test after DC measurement ) 0 1 51 101 151 201 Thickness (mm) -5 Thickness (mm) -30 -10 -40 -15 8 points can be selected (every 45°in one cycle); 1000 averages were taken and total measurement time is 160 second; The hetero-charge can be found next to the lower electrode area. 251 Series1 Series2 Series3 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° Series4 Series5 Series6 105° 120° 135° 150° 165° 180° Series7 Series8 Series9 195° 210° 225° 240° 265° 270° Series10 Series11 Series12 285° 300° 315° 330° 345° 360° Series13 Series14 Series15 Series16 Series17 Series18 Series19 Series20 Series21 Series22 Series23 Series24 Series25 Series26 Series27 Series28 Series29 Series30 Series31 Series32 Series33 Series34 Series35 Series36 Series37 Series38 Series39 Series40 Series41 Series42 Series43 Series44 Series45 Series46 Series47 Series48 Series49 Series50 Series51 Series52 Series53 Series54 Series55 Series56 Series57 Series58 Series59 Series60 60 data series data were captured in 12 seconds with 400 averages per data; The distinctive characteristic of the new PEA system is capable of illustrating smooth changing of the charge decay. 20 Charge Density (C/m3) Results measured from the old system (ƒac=50Hz, ƒpulse=500Hz, Vpp=10kV) 10 0 1 51 101 151 201 251 Thickness (mm) -10 Heterocharge -20 -30 24 series data can be measured (every 15°in one cycle); 80 averages were taken and total measurement time is 1second; The similar phenomenon of hetero-charge can be found in the region close to the lower electrode. Conclusions The high speed measurement and good resolution give more details of charge dynamic in a short period of time. The frequency range of the AC supply is less limitation due to the better resolving ability in the new system. The measurement time is dramatically shorted by the new system especially for the lower frequency; hundreds of averages can be achieved in one cycle. The good phase resolution can be found for both high and low frequency applied voltage. Dr Zhiqiang Xu, [email protected] Contact details : University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK