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QUESTION:
•Type of reproduction that makes genetically identical clones
ANSWER:
•Asexual
QUESTION:
•Type of asexual used by bacteria
ANSWER:
•Binary fission
QUESTION:
•The process which generates genetically identical “buds” that
break off to become a new organism is called/the process in
which a fragment is broken off of an organism and grows into a
new organism is called
ANSWER:
•Budding/fragmentation (regeneration)
QUESTION:
•Describe what happens during sexual reproduction. What is the
name of the cell produced; is it diploid or haploid? How are
gametes produced; are they diploid or haploid?
ANSWER:
•Egg (female) and sperm (male) fuse to create a diploid zygote.
Gametes are produced by meiosis and are haploid
QUESTION:
How is binary fission related to mitosis in terms of evolution?
ANSWER:
•Binary fission would have evolved into mitosis as the DNA
content increased dramatically and also the endosymbiont
hypothesis occurred to produce “organelles; the two major steps
are synthesis and division
QUESTION:
•This generation produces diploid spores
ANSWER:
•sporophyte
QUESTION:
•This generation in plants produces haploid gametes
ANSWER:
•gametophyte
QUESTION:
•What is the name of the process that produces haploid
spores from diploid ones?
ANSWER:
•meiosis
QUESTION:
•What is the meant by “alternation of generations”?
ANSWER:
•The diploid sporophyte generation producing spores which
must undergo meiosis to become haploid spores; the haploid
spores become gametophytes that produce haploid gametes
QUESTION:
•Why is the “alternation of generations” considered to be
sexual reproduction in plants? What happens to the diploid
zygote?
ANSWER:
•The sperm and egg from the gametophyte generation fuse
together during fertilization producing a zygote; the zygote
then grows into the sporophyte
QUESTION:
•The inside lining of the uterus; it thickens to prepare for
implantation of an embryo
ANSWER:
•endometrium
QUESTION:
•Ovaries are responsible for the production of what
hormones?
ANSWER:
•Estrogen and progesterone
QUESTION:
•Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus: FSH, LH,
GnRH, estrogen, progesterone?
ANSWER:
•GnRH
QUESTION:
•FSH and LH are hormones released from the ____________.
•Are they synergistic or antagonistic?
•FSH stimulates?
•LH stimulates?
ANSWER:
•Anterior pituitary
•Synergistic
•Follicle maturation
•ovulation
QUESTION:
•How many days is the average menstrual cycle?
•List and describe the phases for Day 1-5, Day 5-13, Day 14,
Day 14-25, Day 25-28.
•What happens when GnRH production ends?
ANSWER:
•28 days
•1-5 (menstrual flow phase, shedding the endometrium)
•5-13 (proliferative phase, new endometrium forms)
•14 (Ovulation)
•14-25 secretory phase, endometrium secretes sugary
substance
25-28, endometrium breaks down for menstrual flow
•
menopause
QUESTION:
•The part of the sperm had digestive enzymes which eat
through the egg’s protective jelly coating
ANSWER:
•acrosome
QUESTION:
•Programmed cell death; the opposite of mitosis
ANSWER:
•Apoptosis
QUESTION:
•rapid cell division (mitosis) within the fertilized egg that
creates a morula is called?
•Why type of cells are found in the blastula?
ANSWER:
•Cleavage
•Stem cells
QUESTION:
•Distinguish protostomes and deuterostomes. Be sure to
include the origin.
ANSWER:
•Protostomes make the mouth first, then work towards the
anus
•Deuterostomes make the anus, then work towards the
mouth
•Blastopore/archenteron
QUESTION:
•Trace the development of a fertilized egg to an embryo.
•What are the 3 layers formed in the gastrula.
•What do the 3 layers give rise to?
ANSWER:
•Fertilized egg, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula, embryo
•Endoderm (digestive organs, lungs, bladder), ectoderm
(skin, CNS), mesoderm (muscles, bones, kidneys)
QUESTION:
•What animals possess amnions?
ANSWER:
•Birds, reptiles, mammals, and monotreme eggs
QUESTION:
•What are examples of how bacteria can increase their
genetic variability?
ANSWER:
•Transformation
•Transduction
•conjugation
QUESTION:
•List 3 ways in which plants use asexual methods of
reproduction.
ANSWER:
•Fragmentation (a piece of the original plants breaks off)
•Cutting (man removes a piece and puts water in the soil)
•Grafting (combining two different plants)
•Tissue cultures (uses plants cells to make clones)
QUESTION:
•What are the 3 phases of sexual reproduction in fungi?
Describe each.
ANSWER:
•Plasmogamy (fusion of the cytoplasms)
•Karyogamy (fusion of the nuclei)
•Meiosis (diploid to haploid)
QUESTION:
•Define apoptosis. Give an example of how it occurs during
organismal development.
ANSWER:
•Programmed cell death; finger and toe formation